Physical and Chemical Changes and Properites
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| Material | particular kind of matter that has different properties that are used to characterize it
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| Physical Property | is a characteristic that can be observed from a material without changing its chemical identity
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| Physical Change | is a change in the form of matter but not in its chemical identity. All bonds remain intact. The same molecules are present. Temporary.
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| Chemical Property | is a characteristic of a material that involves, or results in a chemical change. "ability, reactivity, or potential"
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| Chemical Change | involves bond breaking and bond formation to give new products by means of a chemical reaction. Is a change in which one or more kinds of matter are transformed into one or more new kinds of matter. It yields new matter and new molecules. Permanent
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| Three classifications of matter | elements, compounds, and mixtures
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| Elements | are pure substances that cannot be broken down (decomposed) into simpler substances by chemical reactions. Have one kind of atom.
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| Compounds | a pure substance made up of two or more elements in a fixed proportion by weight. Has two or more elements that have been chemically combined.
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| Law of Constant Composition "Definite Proportions" | a pure compound, whatever its source, always contains definite, or constant proportions of the elements by mass
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| Material | any particular kind of matter. Materials are either substances or mixtures of substances
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| Substance | is a material that cannot be separates into different materials by any physical process.
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| Pure substance | is a single chemical with definite physical properites
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| Mixture | is a material that can be seperated by physical processes into two or more substances. It contains two or more pure substances that are not chemically combined
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| Two types of mixtures | Homogeneous and Heterogeneous
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| Homogeneous | mixture is uniform in its properties throughout. Density and other physical properties are the same at every point in this mixture. Ex- a solution
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| Heterogeneous | mixture that consists of physically distant parts with different properties. occurs when components of mixture do not mix well
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| Seperation of mixtures | one of the most important functions of chemists. If material is a mixture then it can manually be sorted into piles
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| Filtration | a physical process in which a particular mixture is seperated into a solid and a liquid
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| Distillation | used to serparate the mixture of liquids by their boiling points.
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