Matter and Energy Notes
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Macroscopic | large enough to be seen with the naked eye
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| Microscopic | small particles that can be seen onwith with the help of a microscope
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| Particulate | atoms and molecules so small that are not visible even with an ordinary microscope
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| Solids | have definite shape and definite volume
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| Liquids | have no shap but definite volume
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| Gases | have no definite shape or volume
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| Melting Point | solids melt becoming a liquid. Temperature increases
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| Boiling Point | liquid boils becoming a gas (vapor). Temperature increases
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| Condensation Point | gases condense and become a liquid. Temperature decreases
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| Freezing Point | Liquids freeze becoming a solid. Temperature decreases
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| Sublimination Point | Solids vaporize becoming a gas. Temperature increase
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| Phase Changes | the temperature at which the changes occur and the specific characteristic for each substance
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| The Law of conservatrion of mass | that matter can be neither created nor destroyed. The total mass of products after we complete a chemical reaction must equal to the total amount of reactants
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| First Law of Thermodynamics | states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed
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| Law of conservation of energy | states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed however one form of energy can be converted to another. The total amount of energy in any system does not change
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| Energy | capacity to do work or capacity to move matter
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| Two forms of energy | Kinetic and Potential
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| Kinetic Energy | energy in motion. KE=1/2mv(squared)
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| Potential Energy | energy that is stored. capacity to more or cause motion.
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| Two types of energy | Mechanical and Chemical
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| Mechanical energy | is the kinetic energy possesed by moving objects. Light, heat, electrical, nuclear
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| Chemical energy | is stored within chemical substances or processes. Energy is given off when chemical substances react.
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| Calorie | the amount of heat or energy required to raise the temperature of 1g of water 1 degree C
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| Heat | is a form of energy that most frequently accompanies chemical reactions. Measured in Joules or calories
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| Temperature | measured in degrees but not a form of energy
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| Specific Heat | is that amount of heat requried to raise the temperature of 1g of any substance substance by 1 degree C
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| Kinetic Molecular Theory | theory of matter refering to motion of molecules, primarily gases as the temp, pressure or volume change. Constant, random, chaotic motion of molecules
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| Molecule | is an aggregate of either identical or different atoms that are bonded together in a particular order by strong attractive forces
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| Brownian Motion | the spontaneous but erratic movement of particles suspended in liquids or gases.
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