AQA GCSE chapter 03 (part 1) Making ions and ionic structure
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| What is an ion? | An atom that has lost or gained electrons
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| What is the SIGN of the charge for all metallic IONS? | Positive
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| Do metallic atoms lose or gain electrons when they become ions? | Lose
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| What is the charge of an ion when an atom GAINS electrons? | negative
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| What is the charge of an ion when an atom LOSES electrons? | POSITIVE
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| An element is in Group 1. What is the charge of the ion (sign and number)? | +1
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| An element is in Group 6. What is the charge of the ion (sign and number)? | -2
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| Sodium Ion is Na+ and Oxide ion is O-2. What is the formula of Sodium Oxide? | Na2O (the 2 is in subscript) remember: all numbers are in subscripts/written at bottom; there are no +/- showing after the swap!
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| Magnesium Ion is Mg+2 and Oxide ion is O-2. What is the formula of Magnesium Oxide? | MgO (it is the simplest ratio) remember: all numbers are in subscripts/written at bottom; there are no +/- showing after the swap!
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| Magnesium Ion is Mg+2 and Chloride ion is Cl-1. What is the formula of Magnesium Chloride? | MgCl2 (the 2 is in subscript) remember: all numbers are in subscripts/written at bottom; there are no +/- showing after the swap!
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| Describe how particles are arranged in an ionic structure | Ions are arranged in 3dimension; positive ions are surrounded by negative ions (and vice versa); the ions create a lattice
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| Describe THREE properties of ionic compounds | Conduct electricity when liquid; high meting point and dissolve in water
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| Explain why ionic compounds are able to conduct electricity when liquid but not as a solid | CHARGED particles (here ions) are able to MOVE in a liquid; but in a solid the charged particles can NOT move
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| Explain why ionic compounds have a high melting point | There are STRONG electrostatic FORCES between the ions that require a lot of ENERGY to break
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| How do you know that CaCl2 is an ionic compound? | Ca is a metal (group2) and Cl is a non-metal(group7)
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| Nitrate is (NO3)-1. What is the formula of Magnesium Nitrate? | Mg(NO3)2; remember: all numbers are in subscripts/written at bottom; there are no +/- showing after the swap!
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| Carbonate is (CO3)-2. What is the formula of Sodium Carbonate? | Na2(CO3) remember: all numbers are in subscripts/written at bottom; there are no +/- showing after the swap!
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| Sodium Nitrite is Na(NO2). What is the formula of the Nitrite ion? | (NO2)-1: "rub off" the Sodium from the formula and you have the Nitrite: so (NO2; Now "unswap" the number that was after Sodium: here it was 1: so (NO2) 1 [1 as superscript); Finally, Sodium is a metal, so +ion, therefore the Nitrite is -: (NO2)-1
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| Sodium Sulfite is Na(SO3). What is the formula of the Sulfite ion? | (SO3)-2: "rub off" the Sodium from the formula and you have the Sulfite: so (SO3); Now "unswap" the number that was after Sodium: here it was 2: so (SO3)2 [2 as superscript); Finally, Sodium is a metal, so +ion, therefore the Nitrite is -: (SO3)-2
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| What is the sign (charge) on all NON-metallic elements IONS? | negative
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| Explain how a Calcium atom becomes a Calcium ion | Calcium is in group 2; so all atoms have 2 e- in the outer shell; when the atom becomes an ion, it loses the 2 e- to become Ca+2
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| Explain how an Oxygen atom becomes an Oxide ion | Oxygen is in group 6; so all atoms have 6 e- in the outer shell; when the atom becomes an ion, it gains 2 more e- to become O-2
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| Name the type of bonding in Sodium Chloride | Ionic (because it is a metal combined with a non-metal)
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| CHALLENGE: Describe what happen to Sodium atom and Oxygen ATOMS when they make IONIC Sodium Oxide. Explain which element is getting oxidised and which is reduced. | Who loses/gains e-? How many? What is the charge (and number) on the ions? Formula of compound? OILIRIG; Na atoms LOSE (is OXIDISED) ONE e- to become Na+; O atoms GAIN (is REDUCED) TWO e- to become O-2; the formula is Na2O
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| CHALLENGE: Describe what happen to Sodium atom and Chloride ATOMS when they make IONIC Sodium Chloride. Explain which element is getting oxidised and which is reduced. | Who loses/gains e-? How many? What is the charge (and number) on the ions? Formula of compound?; OILRIG; Na atoms LOSE (are OXIDISED) ONE e- to become Na+; Cl atoms GAIN (are REDUCED) ONE e- to become Cl-; the formula is NaCl
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| A compound melts at a high temperature but never conducts electricity: is it an ionic compound? | No, because it does not conduct electricity
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| A compound melts at a high temperature and conducts electricity: is it an ionic compound? | Yes
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| A compound melts at a low temperature and conducts electricity: is it an ionic compound? | No, Ionic compounds melt at high temperature
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