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Praxis People

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Term
Definition
Diego Velazquez   Spanish Painter of the 17th century Seville, Spain Portraitist/Court Painter Las Meninas  
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Frida Kahlo   20th Century Mexican Painter Born/Died in Mexico City Married Diego Rivera Influenced by Surrealism Self-Portraits  
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Ernesto Sabato   Argentine Writer Started to write after WWII Translated scientific books Wrote numerous essays Recognized for El tunel  
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Fernando Botero   Painter from Medellin, Colombia Exaggerated and disproportionate volumes Depict human figure Boterismo  
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Placido Domingo   Spanish opera singer One of three most famous tenors Performed as a conductor Director of L.A. Opera  
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Francisco Goya   Spanish Painter born in 1746 Worked in Real Fabrica de Tapices de Madrid Appointed Court Painter First artist to paint what he wanted and not what the king or the church told him to paint Mainly historic paintings El tres de mayo  
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Jose Clemente Orozco   Mexican painter Murals after the Mexican Revolution Show aspects of the human condition Focused on Pre-Columbian culture Messages of social justice for working class and Natives Works found in Mexico and NY  
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Diego Rivera   Mexican Painter Most famous of Mexican muralists Influenced by Italian Renaissance and Russian communist movement Revalorization of the indigenous Mexican roots  
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Celia Cruz   Cuban singer/Queen of Salsa Born in Cuba but lived in U.S. 23 golden albums Most influential figure of the Cuban music in the 20th century  
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David Alfaro Siqueiros   Mexican Painter More realistic than Rivera and Orozco Aspects of Pre-Colombian culture and its relationship with colonial culture in Mexico Influenced by politics and his works have Marxist messages All works are in Mexico City  
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Salvador Dali   Spanish Surrealist Painter Began as cubist but became surrealist Born in Figueres, Spain  
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Isabel Allende   Writer born in Peru Moved to Chile and considers herself Chilean Magical Realism La casa de los espiritus  
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Mario Vargas Llosa   Peruvian writer Realism Vulgarity of human nature 1990 was presidential candidate  
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Pablo Picasso   Spanish painter born in Malaga Known for cubist paintings Political inspirations Hated fascist government so returned to communism Prolific artist  
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Felix Lope de Verga   Spanish writer Founded El Teatro Nacional de Espana Father of modern comedy  
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Julio Cortazar   Argentine author Surrealist Used realistic images of the monstrous La noche boca arriba  
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Horacio Quiroga   Uruguayan Writer best known for short stories Influenced by Edgar Allen Poe Writer of the bizarre  
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Juan Rulfo   Mexican Writer Most profound of the Mexican prose writers of the 40s Magical Realism Work deals with social injustice, pain, and suffering Wrote only two pieces  
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Jorge Luis Borges   Best known Spanish-language writers Professor of English literature Ultraismo Cosmovision  
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Gabriel Garcia Marquez   Colombian Writer Magical Realism Examines relationships between space/time Expose Colombian life and the relationship between the social and the political in everyday life  
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Carlos Fuentes   Mexican Writer Examines Mexican culture and seeks a way to preserve it Based on historical and explore real themes but in fictional works  
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Jose Enrique Rodo   Uruguayan writer Wrote modernistic essays Best modernist prose writer Message always included a warning about the North American influence in Latin America Wanted Latin American youth to reject materialism and embrace their own culture  
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Domingo Faustino Sarmiento   Argentinian Writer/Politician President of Argentina 1868-1874 Worked as a teacher  
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Ruben Dario   Writer from Nicaragua Major figure of modernism Best known for his poetry Searched for ideal beauty Wrote about social problems created by materialism  
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Jose Marti   Cuban Writer/Politician Modernistic pieces Hero of the Cuban independence Fought against the Spaniards Main message is freedom and liberalism  
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Octavio Paz   Mexican Poet and Essayist Neither an idealist nor symbolist Concepts of loneliness and existential restlessness  
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Pablo Neruda   Chilean poet with Marxist convictions Most important poets of the 20th century Modernistic Celebrate nature and the American man  
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Jose de San Martin   Argentinian general known as liberator of Argentina and Chile Fought w/Spaniards against the French in Spain's war of independence Fought against the Spaniards for independence of L.A. countries Organized army of Andes Known as Protector of Peru  
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Cristobal Colon   Genoese Navigator Sailed west to east The Pinta, Nina, and Santa Maria Arrived in 1492  
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Simon Bolivar   Liberator of Venezuela Helped Peru and Bolivia to obtain independence Wrote constitution for the Republic of Bolivia  
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Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz   Most important American author of lyric poetry Lived in Mexico Wrote on disadvantages of women Was a nun Represenative of the baroque  
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Hernan Cortes   Spanish conquistador Founded La Espanola Conquered Cuba and arrived in Mexico Conqueror of Aztecs  
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Aztecs   Central Mexico Most powerful group Leaders: Montezuma I and Montezuma II Capital: Tenochtitlan Well developed society Daily sacrifice of human heart to sun god Nahuatl  
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Mayans   Inhabited Yucatan Most advanced culture Intellectuals: arithmetic, calendar, hieroglyphic writing Practiced human sacrifices  
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Incas   Inhabited: Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Argentina, Chile Advanced culture; had clans, communal agriculture Extended empire over weaker neighboring tribes Tyrannical policy: used violence to control subjects Not advanced in art but architecture  
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General Francisco Franco   Led campaign against Republican gov. Divided Spain: Lefts and Rights 1936: Spain civil War began; lasted 3 years Defeated Republicans and established dictatorship which was supported by the church and army Death in 1975  
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Spanish Armada   Composed of 130 ships and 20,000 sailors Considered invincible Queen Elizabeth I destroyed fleet; never was the same again  
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Bourbons   European Royal House Most famous Bourbon in Spain was Carlos II of Spain Carlos V became King in 1700 and started War of Spanish Succession  
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Miguel de Unamuno   Author from generation of 98, a group of Spanish writers Main message was that Spain needed to abandon it traditions and integrate with Europe  
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Benito Perez Galdos   Spanish author Best known for historic novels in which he mixed reality with fiction Analyze origins of Spanish Revolution  
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Emilia Pardo Bazan   Countess/important novelist Introduce naturalism to Spain wrote social studies and commentaries Deals with life and customs of Galicia Study human condition Wrote more than 500 pieces  
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Federico Garcia Lorca   Wrote dramatic pieces/poetry/theater Super-Realist Offers a separate world with creations that oscillate between reality and fantasy 1936 was assassinated after Spanish Civl War began  
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Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra   Wrote most popular Spanish novel, Don Quijote de la Mancha Published in two parts: 1605 and 1615  
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Muslims in Spain   711, from north of Africa invaded the Iberian Peninsula Controlled Spain until 1492 Arab roots in Spain Mosque of Cordoba  
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Alfonso X   King of Castilla-Leon from 1252-1284 Used castilian as official language  
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