Bob Jones Chemistry - Chapter 8
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| anhydrous | Pertaining to a hydrate that has lost water from its crystalline structure.
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| balanced chemical equation | A chemical equation in which coefficients are arranged to show the conservation of mass in a reaction.
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| binary acid | A molecule that consists of hydrogen and one other nonmetal that are dissolved in water.
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| binary covalent compound | A compound consisting of two different nonmetal atoms.
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| catalyst | A substance that changes a reaction rate without being permanently changed in the process.
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| chemical equation | An expression that represents the reactants and products in a chemical reaction by using chemical formulas, symbols, and numerical coefficients.
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| decomposition reaction | A chemical reaction of the general from AB → A + B in which a reactant breaks down into two or more simpler products.
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| double replacement reaction | A chemical reaction of the general form AY + BZ → AZ + BY, in which the cation of one compound combines with the anion of another compound, and vice versa.
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| Greek prefix system | Nomenclature that indicates how many atoms of each element are in a binary covalent compound or how many water molecules are in a hydrate.
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| hydrate | A compound that holds a characteristic number of water molecules within its crystalline structure.
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| ionic equation | An equation that represents all the substances present during a reaction, including the spectator ions, nonionic products, and insoluble precipitates; written only for reactions taking place in a solution.
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| net ionic equation | An equation that shows only the substances involved in a reaction and excludes spectator ions.
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| nomenclature | A system of naming that follows a standardized set of rules. The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry developed a nomenclature for compounds.
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| oxidation number | The number of electrons (the charge) that an atom in a compound must gain or lose to return to its neutral state; also called an oxidation state.
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| oxyanion | An anion that contains oxygen and one other element, such as SO 4 2-.
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| polyatomic ionic compound | An ionic compound that contains polyatomic ions.
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| precipitate | A solid that settles out of a solution as the result of physical or chemical changes.
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| product | An element or compound that is the result of a chemical reaction and is written to the right of the arrow in a chemical equation.
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| reactant | An element or compound that undergoes a chemical change and is written to the left of the arrow in a chemical equation.
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| reactivity series | A table of metals (plus hydrogen) arranged in order of descending chemical reactivity; also called activity series.
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| reversible reaction | A reaction that proceeds in a forward and reverse direction so that products can change back into reactants and an equilibrium can be reached.
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| single replacement reaction | A chemical reaction of the general form A + BZ → B + AZ, in which a reactive element replaces a less reactive element in a compound; also called a displacement or substitution reaction.
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| spectator ion | An ion present on both sides of an ionic equation. It does not participate in the reaction.
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| Stock system | A convention used to show the different oxidation states of the same metal ion in an ionic compound.
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| synthesis reaction | A chemical reaction of the general form A + B → AB in which two or more reactants combine into a single product.
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| ternary acid | A molecule that contains three different elements - hydrogen, oxygen, and another nonmetal. The oxygen and other nonmetal are often combined in a polyatomic ion.
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