Review of the Renaissance

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Renaissance means

rebirth

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Three important Characteristics of the Rennaissance 1) growing urban society, 2) ___________ and 3) a new view of human beings with an emphasis on individual ability

An Age of Recovery

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The movement movement based on the literature and ideas of ancient Greece and Rome such as the worth of each individual

Humanism

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- Humanists studied grammar, rhetoric, poetry, moral philosophy and history, today these subjects are called the

Humanities

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focused on worldly (viewpoint) themes rather than on Religious ideas that had concerned Medieval thinkers

Secular

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Himanists believed that __________ could help people improve, - schools opened to teach the humanities, schools began to replace clergy as teachers

education

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Humanism inspired new forms of literature written in Vernacular, ________ wrote sonnets short poems, he wrote love poems expressing love for Laura a friend who died in the Black Plague

Petrarch

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_______ wrote Divine Comedy and ________ _______ ‘The Canterbury Tales’

Dante, Geoffrey Chaucer

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Niccolo Machiavelli wrote ____ _______ Prince a book that realistically analyzed the politics of Renaissance Italy, Rulers should be ready to use force and deceit to hold power

The Prince

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Italy was not not as unified as England and France were, easier to discard feudalism- the Italian communities were wealthy and successful, became independent ____________

city-states

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In the new social order - new social order, ________ and _______mattered more than aristocratic titles and ownership of land

wealth and ability

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dowry a sum of money given by the wife’s family to the husband upon marriage was called a

dowry

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during the Renaissance Italy not under one

government

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In the 1400’s there was much social upheaval, power was turned over to a single authority called _______ to restore peace

SIGNORI

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Three cities played leading roles in Renaissance, they were _______, Rome and Venice

Florence

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THE BIRTHPLACE OF THE RENAISSANCE was the city of

Florence

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The ______ and the __________ - were the wealthiest and most powerful class of Rome

Pope, Cardinals

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- unique characteristics of Renaissance ArtInspired by Humanists, Renaissance Artists made their subjects _________

Lifelike

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____________ are paintings done on fresh, wet plaster with water based paints which were still Religious in nature but had more secular or worldly overtones

frescoes

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Renaissance arcitecture turned from soaring _________ and _____ to more Classical style

arches and spires

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The Renaissance architecture substituted _____ and _______ from classical Greek and Roman Architecture for _________ arches and spires

domes, columns, medieval

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Renaissance Sculpture reflected a return to __________ ideals,free standing sculptures nude figures bronze or marble resembled ancient Greek and Roman

classical

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The best known sculptures, Donatello, ______________, and Ghiberti, came from Florence

Michelangelo

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One of the greatest Renaissance painters ______________________ did most of his work in Milan and Rome, best known for Mona Lisa and The Last Supper, also made designs in notebooks on astronomy, mathematics and anatomy –picturing parachutes

LEONARDO da VINCI

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Pope Julius II hired him to work at the Vatican painting the SISTINE Chapel with scenes from the Bible, figures painted resembled sculptures – well formed muscular bodies, ended career designing dome of new St. Peter’s Basilica

Michelangelo

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worked on Vatican, paintings on classical and religious themes for the pope’s apartment, noted for paintings for paintings of Mary, done in bright color reflected Renaissance ideals of grace , harmony and beauty

RAPHAEL SANTI

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the emphasis on the dignity and worth of the individual person is called ____________

Individualism

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In the late 1400’s, The Italian Renaissance Art and Humanist ideas moved North from Italy into _______, ________, the Netherlands and other European countries

France, England,

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French Kings and Nobles became interested in Renaissance Art and Fashions and Francis I brought __________________ to his court, promoting Renaissance in Northern Europe

Leonardo da Vinci

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The spread of Renaissance knowledge aided by the invention of the _____________________

PRINTING PRESS

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The printing press was with movable type developed and adjustable molds was invented in 1456 who first printed a complete edition of the bible

Johann Guttenberg

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Renaissance ideas wre not just transplanted in North, they interpreted and developed ideas according to their own ___________ ways of thinking

individual

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The French blended medieval _______ ______ and windows with the classical arches used by Italians to create new architecture

Gothic towers

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French writers borrowed from Italian counterparts - for example Ronsard who wrote about wrote about love, passing of youth and immortality borrowed from Petrarch who wrote __________

sonnets

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The Renaissance in Northern Europe had more of a religious tone than Italy, scholars known as ____________ _________Humanists wanted reforms in Catholicism that would eliminate abuses and restore the simple piety of the church

Christian Humanists

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-The most Famous Christian Humanist was __________ ___________ who inspired colleagues to study Greek and Hebrew to understand older versions of the Bible

Desiderius Erasmus

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English Renaissance best known for ________

drama

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The English Renaissance did not reach England until 1485, ______________ invited Italian Renaissance Scholars to England where they taught humanist ideas and encouraged the study of classical texts

Henry Tudor

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__________ _________and Christopher Marlowe were the best known English Renaissance playwrights- Ideas came from medieval legends, classical mythology, histories of England, Denmark and ancient Rome

William Shakespeare

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o Wrote In Praise of Folly to spread his belief and to criticize the abuses of the Church, did it humorously

Erasmus

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The Protestant ReformationThe church widely criticized – caused by values of humanism and secularism, call for a reformation, led to a split of church in Germany, led to new Christianity, _____________________, known as Protest

Protestantism

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A German Monk, read ST Paul’s epistle to the Romans He who through faith is righteous shall Live - Interpreted to mean that Faith in God’s mercy was the key to being just or good

Martin Luther

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Faith in God’s mercy was the key to being just or good is known as

Justification by Faith

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Pope Leo X Sold church positions and authorized ____________ which upset Luther

Indulgences

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release from all or part of punishment for sin is called an

Indulgence

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Luther preached against the sale of Indulgences and other practices, nailed ___ _______, or statements on door of Wittenberg Church

95 theses

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Pope condemned Luther 1520 and _____________ him in 1521

excommunicated

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Council of Worms – January 1521, Charles V new emperor of HRE thought he could change his mind, Luther said he was bound by scripture and was condemned as a ________

heretic

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Luther translated Bible into German and made it affordable so many could read the Bible and laid foundation of FIRST Protestant Faith _____________

Lutheranism

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Luther expressed salvation by _____ alone and the bible was the only source of religious truth instead of faith and good works and church teaching as source of religious truth

faith

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Luther felt that the church a community of believers not a hierarchy of _______

clergy

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Many German territories supported Luther, Charles V attempted to bring them in line, the confrontation ended with _______ of _______

Peace of Augsburg

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Protestantism began to split, - Ulrich Zwingli - _____ and ______ were abolished, paintings and decorations removed

relics and images

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John Calvin replace Zwingli and established Calvinism , he taught Justification by Faith and _____________

Predestination

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God determined in advance who would be saved (elect) and who would be damned (reprobate) was called ______________

Predestination

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In England, _________ had a daughter and anted a son, the Pope would not grant an annulment, English Courts declared marriage void and was declared the head of the ________ of __________

Church of England

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many reformers gave state dominant role in Church affairs, some disliked practice and were known as

Anabaptists

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The Anabaptists believed in adult _________ and believed in complete separation of Church and State

Baptism

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For Protestants the _________ was the center of Human Life, love between man and a woman important, the idea great but really believed that woman was to obey the husband and bear children

family

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The Catholic reformation had three chief pillars, The _______, reform of the papacy and the Council of Trent

Jesuits

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In 1537 a commission blamed church problems on corruptness of the ______

popes

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The Council of ________ began in 1545 met off and on for 18 years, reaffirmed Catholic teachings in opposition to Protestant beliefs and developed a clear body of doctrine unified under the Pope

Trent

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