TRIPLE AQA chapter 11 alcohol carbacid ester aminoacid DNA
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| What is the formula of Ethanol? What is the MOLECULAR formula of Ethanol? | C2H5OH or CH3-CH2-OH, both show some structure; but C2H6O for the MOLECULAR where you must NOT show any element of structure (how the atoms are arranged)
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| What is the formula of Ethanoic acid? What is the MOLECULAR formula of Ethanoic acid? | CH3COOH ; but C2H4O2 for the MOLECULAR where you must NOT show any element of structure (how the atoms are arranged)
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| What is the formula of EthylEthanoate? What is the MOLECULAR formula of Ethanoic acid? | CH3COOC2H5 or CH3COOCH2CH3; but C4H8O2 for the MOLECULAR where you must NOT show any element of structure (how the atoms are arranged)
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| How do you recognise an alcohol from the structural formula | Look for a -OH group (a an Oxygen stuck between a carbon and a Hydrogen)
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| How do you recognise a carboxylic acid from the structural formula | Look for a –COOH group (a C that has a C=O double bond AND an O-H attached)
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| How do you recognise an ester from the structural formula | Look for a –COO-C group(a C that has a C=O double bond AND an Oxygen stuck between two Carbons)
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| Describe tests to help you distinguish between an alcohol, a carboxylic acid and an ester? | The alcohol would be the only one to turn Potassium Dichromate from orange to green, the carboxylic acid would be the only one tofizz with Sodium Carbonate; an ester would show no reaction with either test
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| What are the products of the reaction between Propanoic acid and sodium carbonate? | Sodium Propanoate, carbon dioxide and water
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| Write the word equation for the reaction between Ethanoic Acid and Magnesium carbonate | Ethanoic Acid + Magnesium carbonate Magnesium Ethanoate + Carbon Dioxide + water
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| How do you draw the ester given the alcohol and the carboxylic acid? | flip-box-link; flip the alcohol so that the OH faces the OH from the carboxylic acid; draw a box aroun the OH of the carboxylic acid and the H of the OH of the alcohol; remove water
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| What is the name of the ester formed from Ethanoic acid and Propanol? | PropylEthanoate; the alcohol ending changes from ANOL to YL and the carboxylic acid ending changes from OIC ACID to OATE
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| What is the name of the ester formed from Propanoic acid and Ethanol? | EthylPropanoate; the alcohol ending changes from ANOL to YL and the carboxylic acid ending changes from OIC ACID to OATE
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| What is the name of the alcohol and carboxylic acid that would make Methyl Butanoate | Methanol and Butanoic acid; the YL comes from the alcohol and the OATE comes from the carboxylic acid
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| What is the name of the alcohol and carboxylic acid that would make Butyl Methanoate | Butanol and Methanoic acid; the YL comes from the alcohol and the OATE comes from the carboxylic acid
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| Write the equation for the polymerisation of PropaneDIol and EthaneDIoicacid. | H-O-CH2-CH2-CH2-O-H + HO-OC-CO-OH -(-CH2-CH2-CH2-O-OC-CO-O-)n- ; did you remember the little “n”? did you take out the OH at one end of the molecule and the H on the other end?
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| Write a balanced equation for the complete combustion of methane | CH4 + 2 O2 CO2 + 2 H2O (did you remember to balance the oxygen?)
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| Write a balanced equation for the reaction of Ethanol and Sodium | 2 CH3-CH2-O-H + 2 Na 2 CH3-CH2-ONa + H2; please note that you are NOT allowed to draw a dash (a covalent bond) between O and Na because it is an ionic bond
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| Write a balanced equation for the complete combustion of ethanol | C2H5OH + 3 O2 2 CO2 + 3 H2O (did you remember to balance the oxygen? Did you spot that there is already one oxygen on the alcohol?)
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| Write a balanced equation for the fermentation of glucose to produce ethanol | C6H12O6 2 CO2 + 2 C2H5OH (better LEARN the formula of glucose)
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| Write a balanced equation for the hydration of Ethene to produce ethanol | C2H4 +H2O C2H5OH (check your notes on Reactions of AlkEnes)
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| What is the type of polymerisation between an alcohol and a carboxylic acid? | condensation
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| What is the difference between ADDITION and CONDENSATION polymerization? | 1) Addition takes place when AlkEnes join together; condensation happens between amino acids (or between diols and dicarb acids); 2) in condensation, a small molecule like H2O is produced 3)addition=one monomer; condensation= TWO monomers
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| What is the name of the polymer formed when a di-alcohol and a di-carboxylic acid react? | poly(ester)
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| What is a di-alcohol? | a chemical that has TWO O-H groups on either side of the molecule
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| What is the name of the link formed when an alcohol joins to a carboxylic acid? | an ester group
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| What is the name of the link formed between two aminoacids? | a peptide link
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| When two amino cids join together, a dipeptide is formed and what other product? | water
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| Write the equation for the reaction between two glycine molecules NH2-CH2-COOH | NH2-CH2-COOH NH2-CH2-CO-NH-CH2-COOH; (flip-box-link)
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| Write the equation for the reaction between many glycine molecules NH2-CH2-COOH | n NH2-CH2-COOH -(-NH-CH2-CO-NH-CH2-CO-)-n; (flip-box-link); remember the “n” to show many; remember to remove one H from the end and the OH from the COOH end; ensure the links at either end go through the brackets
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| Write the equation for the peptide formed by the reaction between glycine NH2-CH2-COOH and Alanine NH2-CH(CH3)-COOH | NH2-CH2-COOH + NH2-CH(CH3)-COOH NH2-CH2-CO-NH-CH(CH3)-COOH; and NH2-CH(CH3)-CO-NH-CH2-COOH (flip-box-link): there are TWO peptides formed depending which ends you joined together!
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| What is the name of the chemical link formed when two aminoacids join to each other? | Peptide link
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| Why are carboxylic acids said to be weak acids? | because they are only PARTIALLY dissociated; most of the molecules stay as carboxylic acids; some split into the salt (carboxylate) and H+ ion
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| Two carboxylic acids A and B of the same concentration have respective pH of 4 and 5. Which of A or B is the strongest of the two acids? | A, the lower the pH, the stronger the acid (but keep in mind that ALL carboxylic acids are WEAK acids)
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| Why does Hydrochloric Acid react more violently that Ethanoic acid, even when both are the same concentration? | Because HCl is a strong acid (totally dissociated into H+ and Cl-) when Ethanoic acid is only partially dissociated: so HCl produces more H+ than CH3COOH (at same concentration)
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| What is the name of the reaction that transforms Alcohol into Vinegar? | Oxidation
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| What is the chemical found in Vinegar | Ethanoic acid
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| What is the name of the product formed by the oxidation of Butanol? | Butanoic acid (alcohols are always oxidized to the corresponding carboxylic acids)
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| What are alcohols used for? | Solvents in products such as perfumes, mouthwashes and aftershave
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| What are the reagents for oxidising Ethanol into Ethanoic acid? | Acidified Potassium Dichromate
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| Write is the name of the polymer made from many aminoacids? | protein
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| Describe a nucleotide monomer | a molecule formed from a phosphate group, a deoxyribose sugar and one of four bases (so there are four nucleotide monomer)
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| How many different monomer are found in a polmer strand of DNA? | four, as many as the number of nucleotides
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| What type of polymerisation takes place when the nucleotides join with one another to form a polymer strand of DNA? | condensation polymerisation
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| How do the two strands in DNA join with each other? | they join through Hydrogen bondsDescribe the structure of DNA
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| What are the names of the four bases in DNA | Adenine; Guanine; Cytosine; Thymine
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| What are the two bases that form two hydrogen bonds? | Adenine; Thymine
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| What are the two bases that form three hydrogen bonds? | Guanine; Cytosine;
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