Exam 3 lecture 27-41
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| An integral membrane protein can be extracted with: | show 🗑
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| show | the hydrophobic sides of the helices interact with the fatty acid tails of the lipid bilayer while the polar sides of the alpha helices point inwards forming a pore.
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| show | catabolism
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| show | quantitative
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| show | secondary active transport.
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| show | free diffusion.
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| The Warburg effect describes the observation that | show 🗑
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| show | 38
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| show | are classified first by backbone and second by head group.
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| show | The secondary structure in the transmembrane region consists solely of α-helices or β-sheets.
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| show | can form a hydrophilic pore within a lipid bilayer.
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| A hydropathy plot indicates | show 🗑
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| show | uses ~30% of the ATP hydrolyzed in mammalian cells.
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| show | A specific membrane protein lowers the activation energy for movement of the solute through the membrane.
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| Integral membrane proteins | show 🗑
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| An amphipathic alpha helix is characterized by | show 🗑
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| Catabolism | show 🗑
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| The Warburg effect is observed in | show 🗑
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| Membrane fluidity depends on | show 🗑
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| The axes on a hydropathy plot are | show 🗑
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| show | Sodium transport always requires ATP hydrolysis.
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| show | 4
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| Aerobic glycolysis or the Warburg Effect | show 🗑
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| show | can be used as a cosubstrate to drive unfavorable reactions.
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| Which of the following is true about ATP-coupled reactions? | show 🗑
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| Metabolic reactions | show 🗑
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| Energy requiring metabolic pathways that yield complex molecules from simpler precursors are: | show 🗑
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| The function of acetyl-CoA is | show 🗑
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| show | +12.5 kJ/mol
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| The coenzyme NAD+ | show 🗑
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| show | 2 mol of NADH and 4 mol of ATP.
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| Biological oxidation-reduction reactions always involve: | show 🗑
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| show | consists of metabolic pathways that are linear, cyclic and spiral.
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| Catabolism refers to | show 🗑
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| Every molecule has a Gibbs Free Energy (G). G is not dependent on | show 🗑
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| The standard reduction potentials (E'°) for the following half reactions are given. | show 🗑
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| show | 4
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| Regarding ATP, | show 🗑
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| When a mixture of glucose 6-phosphate and fructose 6-phosphate is incubated with the enzyme phosphohexose isomerase, the final mixture contains twice as much glucose 6-phosphate as fructose 6-phosphate. | show 🗑
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| show | To transport electrons from one reaction to another.
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| show | release heat to the environment.
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| show | formation of free electrons
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| show | fumarate would become reduced, FADH2 would become oxidized
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| Living organisms require a continual supply of energy to exist because | show 🗑
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| show | life is a thermodynamically spontaneous process.
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| The advantage to a cell of the gradual oxidation of glucose during cellular respiration compared with its combustion to CO2 and H2O in a single step is | show 🗑
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| show | ΔG'° is –4.44 kJ/mol
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| show | The reaction will proceed spontaneously to the right if there is a high concentration of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate relative to the concentration of products.
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| show | The ΔG of the reaction will be more negative at a given ADP/ATP ratio.
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| show | Oxaloacetate + NADH + H+ --->malate + NAD+.
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| show | a flavin nucleotide
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| show | it evolved in an ancestor common to nearly all cells present on earth today.
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| In the breakdown of what you had for breakfast, the stage that generated the most ATP is | show 🗑
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| show | to help keep glucose in the cytoplasm
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| The conversion of 1 mol of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate to 2 mol of pyruvate by the glycolytic pathway results in a net formation of: | show 🗑
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| show | it is an endergonic process
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| When a lipid bilayer is torn it does not seal by forming a hemi-micelle cap because | show 🗑
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| show | nobody else in the class wants to sit next to them
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| show | producing a large number essentially non polar membrane lipids
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| Although present in relatively small amounts in mammalian cell plasma membranes, the phospholipid crucial in intracellular signaling is | show 🗑
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| Phosphatidylserine, normally found primarily only in the cytoplasmic side of the plasma membrane, is found at high levels on outer side in apoptotic cells. This redistribution occurs through | show 🗑
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| show | an Antarctic fish.
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| show | sphingolipids have large head groups
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| show | It results in net synthesis of ATP.
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| If the glyceraldehyde 3-P dehydrogenase active site cysteine (-SH) were replaced with a serine (-OH), the effect would be | show 🗑
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| When 1 mole of ATP is hydrolyzed in a test tube without an enzyme, about twice as much heat is given off as when 1 mole of ATP is hydrolyzed in a cell. The observations are best explained by | show 🗑
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| show | the ΔG° for the oxidation of the aldehyde group on glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to form a carboxylic acid is more negative than the ΔG° for
ATP hydrolysis.
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| Arsenate (AsO43-) can replace phosphate (PO43-) in many metabolic reactions, but the anhydride bond with arsenate is rapidly hydrolyzed. Arsenate is preferred over phosphate by murderers, but not cells | show 🗑
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| Radiolabeled fluoro-2-deoxyglucose labels tumor cells brightly in positron emission tomography (PET). This bright labeling is due to | show 🗑
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| show | NAD+/NADH
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| show | When 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate is converted to 3-phosphoglycerate by phosphoglycerate kinase.
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| show | Phosphoglycerate kinase and pyruvate kinase
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| show | hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, and pyruvate kinase.
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| All of the following enzymes involved in the flow of carbon from glucose to lactate (glycolysis) are also involved in the reversal of this flow (gluconeogenesis) except | show 🗑
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| show | The conversion of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate to fructose 6-phosphate is not catalyzed by phosphofructokinase-1, the enzyme involved in glycolysis.
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| Glycolysis | show 🗑
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| Allosteric enzymes | show 🗑
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| show | 4, 2
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| show | are regulated in their relative activities through phosphorylation by PKA.
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| Phosphoglycerate kinase | show 🗑
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| show | 2 mol of ATP.
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| show | are paired, but involve different enzymes
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| Gluconeogenesis | show 🗑
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| Which of the following statements about allosteric control of enzymatic activity is false? | show 🗑
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| show | a rapid and reversible step.
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| show | inhibit each other to prevent a futile cycle of producing glucose only to break it down.
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| show | 2
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| NADH is produced in glycolysis by | show 🗑
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| In the first step of glycolysis | show 🗑
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| show | Glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase.
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| show | glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase.
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| show | pyruvate → lactate
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| The first step of glycolysis | show 🗑
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| show | function to convert the energy stored in the nutrient chemical bonds to energy carried in ATP
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| show | consists of commensal metabolic relationship between astrocytes and neuronal cells
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| show | is the only means of ATP synthesis under anaerobic conditions
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| show | some cancer cells are highly dependent on glycolysis for ATP production
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| show | the mass ratio of lipids to proteins varies widely in different membranes
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| The forces that hold a membrane protein in the lipid bilayer and those that lead to protein folding into their tertiary structure | show 🗑
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| show | through a covalent bond between the C-terminal cysteine and a lipid anchor
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| A bacterial small protein causes red blood cell lysis. It also make artificial liposomes very permeable. This bacterial toxin is likely | show 🗑
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| show | Ile-Thr-Leu-Ile-Tyr-Phe-Gly-Val-Met-Ala-Gly-Val-Ile-Gly-Thr-Ile-Leu-Leu-Ile-Ser.
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| The best candidate amino acid sequence for a β-strand in a β-barrel pore is (non identical; nonpolar) | show 🗑
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| The correct order of these molecules for the ability to cross lipid bilayers from most to least readily is | show 🗑
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| show | involve both charge and concentration components with regard to Na+ but not K+ in most mammalian cells.
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| show | True
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| Cells A and B are the same size, shape, and temperature, but cell A is metabolically quiet and cell B is actively consuming oxygen. More oxygen will diffuse into cell _____ because _____. | show 🗑
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| Membrane transporter proteins have been imagined to function through a revolving door mechanism. From what you know about membrane protein structure is this is likely to be the most plausible mechanism? | show 🗑
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| show | Na+ into a cell.
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| show | continue to pump ions and to hydrolyze ATP, but only generate heat in the process.
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| Consider the transport of protons and sucrose into a plant cell by the sucrose-proton cotransport protein. Plant cells continuously produce a proton gradient by using the energy of ATP hydrolysis to pump protons out of the cell. | show 🗑
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| A change you could make to the Na+- glucose transporter sufficient to make it pump glucose out of the cell rather than in include | show 🗑
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| An ATP-dependent ion pump for heavy metal ions like Zn2+ functions similarly to Na+K+ pumps including changes in phosphorylation state. Addition of Zn2+ and ATP results in Zn2+ being pumped in. | show 🗑
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| show |
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