Organic Chemistry 2
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| What is a chloroalkane? | A compound in which one or more hydrogen atoms in an alkane molecule have been replaced by chlorine atoms
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| What is a functional group? | An atom or group of atoms which is responsible for the characteristic properties of an organic compound or a series of organic compounds
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| What is a primary alcohol? | An alcohol where the carbon atom joined to the hydroxyl group is attached to only one other carbon atom
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| What is a secondary alcohol? | An alcohol where the carbon atom joined to the hydroxyl group is attached to two other carbon atoms
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| What is a tertiary alcohol? | An alcohol where the carbon atom joined to the hydroxyl group is attached to three other carbon atoms
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| What is the polar part of an alcohol? | The hydroxyl group
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| Why are the boiling points of alcohols higher than alkanes? | Hydrogen bonding between alcohol molecules is stronger than the van der vaal forces between alkanes
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| What is an aldehyde? | An organic compound containing the group —CHO, formed by the oxidation of alcohols.
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| Name the prefixes in order pf increasing number of carbon atoms | Meth, eth, prop, but, pent, hex, hept, oct
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| What is a carbonyl group? | A carbon oxygen double bond
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| What are the forces of attraction between aldehyde molecules? | Permanent dipole-dipole interations
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| Name an aldehyde | Benzaldehyde
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| Why are aldehydes very watersoluble? | Because of the hydrogen bonding between the oxygen atom in the carbonyl group and the hydrogen atom in a water molecule
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| What are ketones? | A series of organic compounds containing the >C=O group
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| What kind of bonding occurs in ketones? | Dipole-dipole
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| Name a ketone | Propanone
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| What are carboxylic acids? | Carboxylic acids are a homologous series in which the compounds contain a functional group called the carboxyl group (-COOH)
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| What is the general formula for carboxylic acids? | CnH2n+1COOH
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| What kind of bonding occurs in carboxylic acid? | Hydrogen bonding
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| What is an ester? | A family of compounds with the general formula RCOOR'
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| How are esters formed? | By replacing the hydroxyl group of a carboxylic acid with an alkyl group
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| What kind of reaction forms an ester? | Condensation
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| What is a condensation reaction? | A reaction in which two molecules combine to form a larger molecule, producing a small molecule such as H2O as a by-product.
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