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Intro to Matter

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Term
Definition
Atom   The basic unit of matter  
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Electron   Part of an atom with a negative charge; very small; located in the energy orbitals  
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Proton   Part of an atom with a positive charge; larger; located in the nucleus  
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Neutron   Part of an atom with a neutral charge; larger; located in the nucleus  
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Nucleus   Center of an atom  
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Energy Orbitals   Rings around the nucleus  
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Molecule   Two or more atoms bonded together  
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Mixture   Two or more atoms or molecules that are combined, but are not bonded  
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Element   Contains only one type of atom  
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Solid   State of matter with a fixed volume and a fixed shape; atoms are vibrating in place and are very close together  
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Liquid   State of matter with a fixed volume and a changeable shape; atoms are flowing past one another  
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Gas   State of matter with a changeable volume and a changeable shape; atoms are zooming past one another and are very spread out  
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Melting   Solid to a Liquid  
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Freezing   Liquid to a Solid  
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Evaporation   Liquid to a Gas  
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Condensation   Gas to a Liquid  
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Deposition   Gas to a Solid  
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Sublimation   Solid to a Gas  
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Chemical Property   Characteristic that can only be observed by changing the substance  
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Physical Property   Characteristic that can be observed without changing the substance  
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Mass   The amount of matter in an object  
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Volume   The amount of space an object takes up  
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Density   The amount of matter in a certain amount of space  
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Chemical Change   A change that does create something new  
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Physical Change   A change that does not create something new  
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Reactant   What goes into a chemical reaction  
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Product   What comes out of a chemical reaction  
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Law of Conservation of Matter (Mass)   Matter cannot be created or destroyed.  
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4 Clues a Chemical Change is Happening   1. Precipitate 2. Gas 3. Temperature Change 4. Color Change  
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Formula for density   Mass divided by volume  
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Matter   Something that has mass and takes up space  
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