Chapter 21
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| Clients who have their hair colored usually visit the salon every _____________ weeks | 3 to 12
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| Fine hair takes color faster and can look darker because the melanin granules are grouped _______ | more tightly
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| Hair texture is determined by the diameter of individual hair ______ | strands
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| __________ is a professional, industry-coined term referring to artificial haircoloring products and services. | Haircolor
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| The ________ of the client's hair and the desired results determine which haircolor to use. | structure
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| The cortex, or middle layer of each hair, gives the hair the majority of its strength and elasticity, and contributes about ______ percent to the overall strength of the hair. | 80
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| The natural coloring pigment found in the cortex layer of the hair is _________. | melanin
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| What type of melanin gives black and brown color to the hair? | eumelanin
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| To test for porosity, take several strands from four different areas of the head: the front hairline, the temple, the crown, and the _______ | nape
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| The hair type with a large diameter that can take longer to process hair color is ________ | coarse-textured hair
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| The ability of the hair to absorb moisture is known as _______ | porosity
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| When the cuticle is slightly raised and the hair is normal and processes in an average amount of time, the hair would be said to have _________ | average porosity
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| When the cuticle is tight and the hair is resistant, it is difficult for moisture or chemicals to penetrate. What term describes this condition? | low porosity
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| When the cuticle is lifted and the hair is overly porous and takes color quickly, the hair would be said to have ______ | high porosity
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| _______ is described as a property of objects that depends on the light they reflect and is perceived (by the human eye) as red, yellow, blue, or other shades. | color
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| What is one of the most valuable tools for identifying the natural level in the hair? | color wheel
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| The darkest hair colors in the level system are identified as being a level _____, while the lightest hair colors in the level system are _____ | 1; 10
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| The system used by colorists to analyze the lightness or darkness of a hair color is ________ | the level system
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| What unit of measurement identifies the lightness or darkness of a color, or the saturation, density, or concentration of color? | level
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| Contributing pigment, also known as ______, is the varying degrees of warmth exposed during a permanent color or lightening process. | undertone
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| What type of melanin gives blond and red colors to the hair? | pheomelanin
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| The system used for understanding color relationships is the ______ | law of color
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| Fundamental or pure colors that cannot be achieved from a mixture are known as _____ | primary colors
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| Colors with a predominance of blue are ____ colors, whereas colors with a predominance of red and/or yellow are _____ colors | cool, warm
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| The primary color that brings depth or darkness to any color is _____ | blue
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| When all three primary colors are present in equal proportions, the resulting color is ______ | black
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| A color obtained by mixing equal parts of two primary colors is a _____ | secondary color
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| A color achieved by mixing equal parts of a secondary color and it neighboring primary color on the color wheel is a ________ | tertiary color
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| Primary and secondary colors that are positioned opposite each on the color wheel are _______ | complementary colors
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| The hue or balance of color seen in the hair is referred to as _____ | tone
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| Tones can be described as cool, warm, or _____ | neutral
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| ______tones reflect more light, therefore they look lighter than their actual level. | warm
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| Neutral base colors are often used to ____ | cover gray hair
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| Each color is identified by a number and a letter, with the number indicating the level and the letter indicating the _____ | tone
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| _____ tones absorb more light, therefore they look deeper than their actual level. | cool
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| What term describes the predominant tone of a color? | base
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| ____ refers to the strength of the color. | intensity
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| Non-oxidative haircolor is classified as temporary and ______(traditional). | semipermanent
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| Oxidative haircolor is classified as demipermanent (deposit only) and _____ (lift and deposit). | permanent
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| All haircoloring products require a patch test, with the exception of _____ | temporary colors
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| As part of their composition, all permanent haircoloring products and lighteners contain both a developer and a(n) _____ | alkalizing ingredient
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| Coloring products that have a coating action on the hair and are removed by shampooing are _______ | temporary colors
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| Demipermanent colors are also known as ________ | no-lift, deposit-only colors
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| What coloring products are regarded as best for covering gray hair? | permanent haircoloring
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| Dye precursors that combine with hydrogen peroxide to form larger, permanent dye molecules are called ______ | aniline derivatives
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| Metallic haircolor are also known as ________ | gradual colors
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| ________ haircolors, also known as vegetable haircolors, such as henna, are colors obtained from the leaves or bark of plants. | natural
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| Haircoloring products that change color gradually by progressive buildup and exposure to air contain _______ | metallic salts
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| _______ is the most commonly used developer, and an oxidizing agent that, when mixed with an oxidation haircolor, supplies the necessary oxygen gas to develop the color molecules and create a change in natural hair color. | hydrogen peroxide
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| The concentration and strength of hydrogen peroxide is measured in terms of ________ | volume
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| The standard volume of hydrogen peroxide used to achieve most results with permanent haircolor is _______ | 20 volume
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| Chemical compounds that lighten hair by dispersing, dissolving, and decolorizing the natural pigment are _______. | hair lighteners
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| What is the process by which oxygen is released within the cortex of the hair shaft? | oxidation
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| The process in which the hair is pre-lightened and then toned is known as ________ | double-process application
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| During the process of decolorizing, natural hair can go through as many as ______ | 10 stages
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| Decolorizing the hair's natural pigment allows the colorist to create the exact degree of ________ | contributing pigment
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| What hair coloring product is used primarily on pre-lightened hair to achieve pale and delicate colors? | toners
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| When is the most critical part of a color service? | haircolor consultation
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| Clients with hair in questionable condition who request chemical services should be required to sign a _______ | release statement
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| When applying color using the brush and bowl method, the mixing bowl should be _____ | nonmetallic
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| Overlapping haircolor on previously tinted hair can cause breakage and create a visible line of _______ | demarcation
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| You should NEVER apply hair color to a client if the scalp has any obvious signs of _______ | abrasions
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| What is a non-ammonia color that adds shine and tone to the hair? | glaze
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| A ____ application refers to the first time the hair is colored. | virgin
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| Examples of single-process permanent coloring applications are virgin color applications and _____ | color retouch applications
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| What process lightens hair and deposits color in one application? | single-process haircoloring
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| The U.S. Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act prescribes that a predisposition test be given _____ | 24 to 48 hours prior to application
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| Before performing a coloring service with an aniline derivative product, the client must have a(n) ________ | patch test
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| What is the first step of double-process haircoloring? | pre-lightening
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| Lighteners that have a thicker consistency and give more control during scalp application are known as _____ | cream lighteners
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| Powdered persulfate salts added to haircolor to increase its lightening ability are _______ | activators
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| Powdered off-the-scalp lighteners contain persulfate salts for ______ and stronger lightening. | quicker
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| The part of the hair shaft between the scalp and the hair that has been previously colored is known as _______ | new growth
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| The coloring technique that involves coloring some strands of hair lighter than the natural color is known as ______ | highlighting
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| The technique of coloring strands of hair darker than the natural color is ______ | lowlighting
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| In the weaving foil technique, selected strands are picked up from a narrow section of hair with a _______ | zigzag motion
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| The technique using a free-form painting of hair lightener directly onto clean, styled hair is ________ | baliage
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| The process of treating gray or very resistant hair to allow for better penetration of color is known as ______ | pre-softening
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| A patch test is generally conducted behind the ear or ________ | inside the elbow
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| When applying color for a single-process retouch application, the color should be applied to the new growth using ________ | 1/4- inch partings
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