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Essential Chemistry for Biology

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Term
Definition
Acid   A substance that increases the hydrogen ION (H+) concentration in a solution.  
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Aqueous Solution   A solution in which the water is the solvent.  
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Atom   The smallest unit of matter that retains the properties of an element.  
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Atomic Number   The number of protons in each of a particular element  
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Base   A substance that decreases the hydrogen ion (H+) concentration in a solution.  
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Chemical Bond   An attraction between two atoms resulting from a sharing of outer-shell electrons or the presence of opposite charges on the atoms. The bonded atoms gain complete outer electron shells.  
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Chemical Reaction   A process leading to chemical changes in matter, involving the making and/or breaking of chemical bonds.  
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Cohesion   The attraction between molecules of the same king  
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Compound   A substance containing 2 or more elements in a fixed ratio.  
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Covalent Bond   An attraction between atoms that share 1 or more pairs of outer-shell electrons.  
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Electron   A subatomic particle with a single unit of negative electrical charge. One or more electrons more around the nucleus of an atom.  
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Element   A substance that cannot be broken down to other substance by chemical means.  
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Hydrogen Bond   A type of Weak chemical bond formed when the partially positive hydrogen atom participation in a polar covalent bond in another molecule (or in another part of the same macro molecule)  
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Ion   An atom or molecule that has gained or lost one or more electons thus acquiring an electrical charge  
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Ionic bond   An attraction between two ions with opposite electrical charges the electrical attraction of the opposite charges holds the ions together.  
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