medical terminology Endocrinology
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| acromegaly | Chronic condition in adults with excessive growth hormone; results in elongation and enlargement of bones of head and extremities
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| adrenal feminization | Development of female secondary sexual characteristics (such as breasts) in male; result of increased estrogen secretion by adrenal cortex
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| adrenal virilism | Development of male secondary sexual characteristics (such as deeper voice and facial hair) in female; result of increased androgen secretion by adrenal cortex
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| blood serum test | Blood test to measure level of substances such as hormones in bloodstream; used to study function of endocrine gland
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| corticosteroids | In addition to normal function, these hormones from adrenal cortex also have strong anti-inflammatory action; may be used to treat severe chronic inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis
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| cretinism | Congenital condition causing lack of thyroid hormones; results in poor physical and mental development
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| Cushing syndrome | Condition resulting from hypersecretion of adrenal cortex; may be product of adrenal gland tumor; symptoms include weakness, edema, excess hair growth, skin discoloration, and osteoporosis
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| diabetes insipidus (DI) | Condition caused by insufficient antidiuretic hormone secreted by posterior lobe of pituitary gland; symptoms include polyuria and polydipsia
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| diabetes mellitus (DM) | Chronic disorder of sugar metabolism; symptoms include hyperglycemia and glycosuria; two different forms of diabetes mellitus: insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) or type 1, and non–insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) or type 2.
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| dwarfism | Being excessively short in height; may be result of lack of growth hormone
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| exophthalmos | Condition in which eyeballs protrude, such as in Graves disease; commonly caused by hypersecretion of thyroid hormones
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| fasting blood sugar (FBS) | Blood test to measure amount of sugar in bloodstream after a 12-hour fast
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| gigantism | Excessive growth of body due to hypersecretion of growth hormone in a child or teenager
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| glucose tolerance test (GTT) | Test for initial diagnosis of diabetes mellitus; patient is given dose of glucose; then blood samples are taken at regular intervals to determine patient’s ability to use glucose properly
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| goiter | Enlargement of the thyroid gland
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| Graves disease | Condition resulting from hypersecretion of thyroid hormones; symptoms include exophthalmos and goiter
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| Hashimoto disease | Chronic autoimmune form of thyroiditis, results in hyposecretion of thyroid hormones
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| hormone replacement therapy | Artificial replacement of hormones in patients with hyposecretion disorders; available in pill, injection, or adhesive skin patch forms
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| insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) | Also called type 1 diabetes mellitus; tends to develop early in life; pancreas stops producing insulin; may be autoimmune disease; patient must take insulin injections
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| myxedema | Condition resulting from hyposecretion of thyroid hormones in an adult; symptoms include anemia, slow speech, swollen facial features, puffy and dry skin, drowsiness, and mental sluggishness
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| non–insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus | Also called type 2 diabetes mellitus; typically develops later in life; pancreas produces normal to high levels of insulin but cells fail to respond; patients may take medication to improve insulin functions
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| pheochromocytoma | Usually benign tumor of adrenal medulla; secretes excessive amount of epinephrine; symptoms include anxiety, heart palpitations, dyspnea, profuse sweating, headache, and nausea
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| radioactive iodine uptake (RAIU) | Test of thyroid function that measures how much radioactively tagged iodine is removed from the bloodstream by the thyroid gland
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| radioimmunoassay (RIA) | Test used to measure levels of hormones in the plasma of the bloo
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| tetany | Nerve irritability and painful muscle cramps resulting from hypocalcemia; hypoparathyroidism is one cause
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| thyroid function test (TFT) | Blood test to measure levels of thyroxine, triiodothyronine, and thyroid-stimulating hormone in the bloodstream to evaluate thyroid function
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| thyroid scan | Test in which radioactive iodine is administered that localizes in the thyroid gland; gland is visualized with a scanning device; able to detect thyroid gland tumors
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| thyrotoxicosis | Condition resulting from extreme hypersecretion of thyroid hormones; symptoms include rapid heart action, tremors, enlarged thyroid gland, exophthalmos, and weight loss
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