521 ch 1, 2
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Define Matter | (anything that has mass and takes up space)
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| Define Chemistry | the study of the composition of matter and the changes it undergoes.
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| What aspects of life does Chemistry affect? | all aspects of life and most natural events since all living and non living things are made up of matter.
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| what is chemistry known as? | it is known as the central science because it is fundamental to the understanding of other sciences.
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| Describe Organic chemistry | its defined by the study of all compounds containing carbon
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| what is inorganic chemistry | the study of chemicals that generally don't contain carbon.
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| where do you find a product of inorganic chemistry | found in non living organisms like under rocks.
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| what is biochemistry | the area of chemistry that focuses on processes that take place in organisms
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| what is an example of biochemistry | digestion and muscle contraction.
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| what is analytical chemistry | it focusses on the composition of matter.
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| what is an example of analytical chemistry | measuring the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
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| describe physical chemistry | the area of chemistry that deals with the mechanism, the rate, and the energy transfer that occurs when matter undergoes change.
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| pure chemistry | is the pursuit of chemical knowledge for its own sake. may not have immediate use for knowledge.
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| applied chemistry | research directed toward a practical goal or application
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| why does chemistry affect all aspects of life and most natural events? | because all living and non-living things are made up of matter. matter is anything that has mass and takes up space
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| name the 5 traditional areas into which chemistry can be divided. | organic, physical, analytical, inorganic, biochemisry
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| name the 3 general reasons to study chemistry? | 1. it explains the natural world
2. it prepares people for career opportunities
3. it produces informed citizens.
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| how has modern research in chemistry impacted society? | modern research in chemistry can lead to technologies that aim to benefit the environment, conserve and produce energy, improve human life, and expand our knowledge of the universe.
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| how can a knowledge of chemistry help us be a more informed citizen | the government provides funds for scientific research. through the knowledge of chemistry and then voting on it we are being an informed citizen.
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| define Mass of an object | a measure of the amount of matter that an object contains.
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| define gas | a form of matter that takes the shape and volume of its container; a gas has no definite shape or volume
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| what is vapor | describes the gaseous state of a substance that is generally a liquid or solid at room temperature.
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| what is physical change | a change during which some properties of a material change, but the composition of the material does not change. sand and water.
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| what is a chemical property | the ability of a substance to undergo a specific chemical change
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| what is a chemical change | a change that produces matter with a different composition than the original matter
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| chemical reaction | a change in which one or more reactants change into one or more products; characterized by the breaking of bonds in reactants and the formation of bonds in products
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| whats a reactant | a substance present at the start of the reaction
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| what is a product | the substance that is produced in a chemical reaction
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| name 4 possible clues to chemical change | transfer of energy
a change in color
the production of gas
or the formation of a precipitate
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| chemical changes don't involve the transfer of energy... true or false | false. all chemical changes include the transfer of energy
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| what is a precipitate | a solid that forms and settles out of a liquid mixture.
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| what happens during any chemical reaction | the mass of the products is always equal to the mass of the reactants.
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| state the law of conservation of mass | any physical change or chemical reaction, mass is conserved. mass is neither created nor destroyed.
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| describe a mixture | a physical blend of two or more components.
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| based on the distribution of their components, what can mixtures be classified as | either heterogeneous or homogeneous mixtures.
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| what is a homogeneous mixture | mixture in which the composition is uniform throughout. tomato soup
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| what is a heterogeneous mixture | a mixture in which the content is not the same throughout. chicken soup
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| what are solutions | many are liquids but some are gasses like air and some are silids like stainless steel.
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| what is a phase | its used to describe any part of a sample with uniform composition and properties
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| what would be a good way to separate mixtures | using the differences in physical properties.....alcohol and water.....you could boil the alcohol off or freeze the solution.
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| the process that separates a solid from a liquid in a heterogeneous mixture is called.... | filtration
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| what is a way to separate water from other components? | distillation
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| describe distillation | a liquid is boiled to produce a vapor that is then condensed into a liquid.
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| what is an element | the simplest for of matter that has a unique set of properties
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| describe a compound | a substance that contains two or more elements chemically combined in a fixed proportion.
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| state the difference between an element and a compound | compounds can be broken down into simpler substances chemically but elements cannot.
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| how do you know a material is a substance or a mixture? | if its a substance then the composition of the material is fixed. if its a mixture the composition of a material may vary.
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| how to chemists represent elements | using chemical symbols
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| how do chemists represent compounds | using chemical formulas
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| describe the periodic table | is an arrangement of elements in which the elements are separated into groups based on a set of repeating properties.
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| what is a perk of have the periodic table | the table allows you to easily compare the properties of elements or a group of elements combined.
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| what is each horizontal row of the periodic table | a period
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| how many periods are there in the periodic table | 7
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| distinguish between extensive property and intensive property | both are types of physical properties of matters. intensive don't depend on the amount of matter present but extensive do.
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| CC between a mixture and a pure substance |
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| CC homogeneous and heterogeneous | A homogeneous mixture has the same uniform appearance and composition throughout. A heterogeneous mixture consists of visibly different substances or phases.
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| is matter homogeneous or heterogeneous | matter is both homo and hetero
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| what physical properties could be used to separate iron filings from table salt. | you could separate with a magnet or by adding water
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| air is mainly a mixture of nitrogen and oxygen, with small amounts of other gases such as argon and carbon dioxide. what property would you use to separate the gases in air? | distillation
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| what always happens during a chemical change? | the composition of matter always changes
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| how are the mass of the reactants and the mass of the products of a chemical reaction related | during any chemical reaction the mass of the products is always equal to the mass of the reactants.
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| physical property | a property that can be observed or measured without changing the substances composition. see, hear, feel, touch, smell, measure.
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| 3 characteristics of solid | has defined shape and volume, particles packed tightly together, incompressible.
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| 3 characteristics of liquid | takes shape of container but overall volume doesn't change, particles packed les tightly together, incompressible
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| 3 characteristics of gas | takes shape of container but will expand to increase to volume of container, particles packed loosely together, easily compressed.
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