waves in physics
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| bottom of a transverse wave | trough
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| the distance between identical points on 2 adjacent waves | wavelength
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| the distance between the top (or bottom) to the resting position on a wave | amplitude
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| the material that a mechanical wave passes through | medium
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| wave that can travel through a vacuum (do not need a medium) | electromagnetic
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| interference from "in sync" waves that add up | constructive
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| the time it takes to complete a wave cycle (T) | period
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| the number of cycles completed in a certain period of time (f) | frequency
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| T = 1/f | formula for period
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| interference from "out of sync" waves that cancel each other out | destructive
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| EM band with longest wavelength and lowest frequency | radio waves
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| EM band with shortest wavelength and highest frequency | gamma rays
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| f = 1/T | formula for frequency
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| speed of light | 3.0 x 10^8 m/s
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| speed of sound | 3.4 x 10^2 m/s
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| zero displacement of 2 overlapping waves | node
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| the maximum displacement of 2 overlapping waves | antinode
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| area of empty space | vacuum
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| top of a transverse wave | crest
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| state of matter that mechanical waves travels fastest through | solids
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| the less compressed area in a longitudinal wave | rarefaction
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| the most compressed area in a longitudinal wave | compression
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| wave where particles move perpendicular to the direction of the wave | transverse wave
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| wave where particles move parallel to the direction of the wave | longitudinal wave
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| wave where particles move in circles | surface wave
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| law stating that 2 waves can be in the same place at the same time | law of superposition
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| wave interaction that creates a larger resultant wave than the individual waves that formed it | constructive interference
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| wave interaction that creates a smaller resultant wave than the individual waves that formed it | destructive interference
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| wave interaction that cancels out both individual waves that formed it | completely destructive interference
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| this law states that the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection | Law of reflection
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| when a wave hits a surface and bounces back | reflection
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| when a wave bends or spreads due to going around an object or through a small opening | diffraction
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| when a wave bends due to crossing over into a different medium ex. straw in halfway filled up | refraction
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| imaginary line that runs perpendicular to the angle of reflection and angle of incidence | normal
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| transfer of energy by a wave to the medium through which it travels | absorption
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| passage of light through an object | transmission
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| the product of wavelength times frequency (m/s) | wave speed
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| SI unit for frequency | Hertz (hz)
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| apparent increase in wavelength caused by celestial bodies moving away from Earth | red shift
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| apparent decrease in wavelength caused by some nearby stars moving closer to Earth | blue shift
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| this effect is the apparent change in frequency and wavelength due to the sound/light source and/or observer moving | Doppler Effect
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