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ADV Bio Module 13

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Question
Answer
Deglutition   The act of swallowing  
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Peristalsis   The process of contraction and relaxation of the smooth muscle, which pushes food through the alimentary canal  
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Lumen   The hole in the center of a tube  
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Micronutrients   The nutrients the body needs in small amounts; the vitamins and minerals  
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stores excess glucose and glycogen   liver  
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The first source of amylase secreted into food   salivary glands  
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The second source of amylase secreted into food   pancreas  
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Produces bile   liver  
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Has gastric pits that secrete gastric juice   stomach  
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Holds feces and triggers the defecation reflex   rectum  
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Does most nutrient absorption   small intestine  
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Has endocrine and exocrine functions and is an accessory organ   pancreas  
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Contains glands which produce CCK   small intestine  
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Contains glands which produce secretin   small intestine  
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Holds bile and concentrates it   gall bladder  
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Moves food from the pharynx to the stomach   esophagus  
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Interconverts macronutrients based on the body's needs   liver  
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The epiglottis and soft palate both participate in deglutition. What do they do?   -Epiglottis closes off the larynx to prevent food from entering the airways -Soft Palate seals the nasal cavity to prevent fluid or food from entering the nasal cavity  
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What are intestinal villi? Why are they so important?   -Intestinal Villi are tiny projections in the small intestine that greatly increase its surface area  
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What is wrong with the following statement? "Certain cells in the stomach produce pepsin, an enzyme that breaks down proteins."   Cells cannot produce an enzyme that breaks down proteins. It would kill the cell.  
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Without intrinsic factor, what is the body unable to do?   The body cannot absorb vitamin B12 without intrinsic factor  
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What are the three classes of macronutrients?   carbohydrates, fats, and proteins  
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What are the two vitamins that can be produced in the body as well as absorbed from food?   Vitamins D and K can be produced in the body  
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