Anatomy; The CNS
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| The ______, scattered throughout the brain stem, allow us to filter out important sensory information such as background noises. | show 🗑
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| show | EEG or electroencephalogram
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| Alpha and beta brainwaves occur ______, while theta waves are more common in _____. | show 🗑
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| show | during deep sleep
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| During _____ sleep, skeletal muscle movement is inhibited and most dreams occur. | show 🗑
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| show | REM
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| The type of memory that allows us to complete actions without committing them to permanent memory is called _____ or ____memory. | show 🗑
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| In order for a memory to become permanent, it must be _____ | show 🗑
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| show | factual, declarative (or explicit)
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| show | skill, procedural
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| Damage to the ____ will prevent the acquisition of new declarative memories. | show 🗑
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| show | corpus striatum
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| Two changes that occur at the cellular level in the formation of new memories are the formation of new _____, or changes in the strength of the _____. | show 🗑
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| show | long-term potentiation
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| show | meninges
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| The tough, fibrous, double-layered, outermost meninx is the ____. | show 🗑
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| show | falx cerebri
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| show | dural sinuses
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| show | arachnoid mater
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| The _____ is the innermost meninx: it clings tightly to the surface of the brain, even in the sulci | show 🗑
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| show | arachnoid, sub-arachnoid
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| show | Cerebrospinal fluid
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| The cells of the capillaries in the brain are unusual in that they are_____. | show 🗑
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| Capillaries in the brain are much less ____ than capillaries elsewhere in the body. | show 🗑
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| Cerebrospinal fluid is formed in regions within the ventricles called _____ by ______ cells. | show 🗑
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| After the CSF is formed, it circulated from the lateral ventricles to the third and fourth ventricles, and from there to the ____ and central canal of the spinal cord. | show 🗑
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| show | arachnoid granulations
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| Impaired blood circulation to the brain due to a blocked of broken vessel is known as a ____, _____ or ______. | show 🗑
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| (True/False) Most of the neuronal death due to a stroke occurs several minutes or even hours after the stroke begins, allowing time for emergency treatment to have a major effect. | show 🗑
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| show | Alzheimer's Disease
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| In the elderly, drug reactions, poor circulation, or disease, ll of which may be curable, can mimic the dementia caused by ____, which is not. | show 🗑
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| show | chorea (or involuntary spastic movements)
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| Loss of dopamine-producing neurons in the substantial nigra leads to tremor, muscular rigidity, slow movement and postural instability in _____. | show 🗑
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| show | neural crest
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| show | neural tube, neural crest
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| show | skull; L1 vertebra cauda equina
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| show | meninges; CSF
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| show | dura mater; vertebrae
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| The butterfly-shaped central core of gray matter in the spinal cord can be divided into three regions. The ___ contains the cell bodies of somatic motor neurons | show 🗑
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| show | lateral horn
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| The butterfly-shaped central core of gray matter in the spinal cord can be divided into three regions. The ____ contains interneurons. | show 🗑
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| show | lateral, anterior
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| The ____ are formed from the cell bodies of sensory neurons whose axons branch to extend inward to the spinal cord and outward to the body. | show 🗑
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| show | Funiculi
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| The neuronal cell bodies for the ascending pathways of the spinal cord itself are found in the ___ or ____. | show 🗑
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| show | dorsal root ganglion
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| Neurons of the dorsal horn receive signals from those in the _____. Their own axons extend to reach neurons in the brain stem, diencephalon. | show 🗑
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| Detailed information concerning position, vibration, or fine touch are transmitted by the ____ pathway of the somatosensory tracts of the spinal cord. This pathway is located in the ____. | show 🗑
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| Information regarding crude touch, temperature, pressure, and pain is carried through the ____ pathway of the somatosensory tracts of the spinal cord. | show 🗑
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| Messages carried in the specific and non-specific ascending pathways ultimately reach the somatosensory cortex on ___ the sensor. | show 🗑
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| show | spinocerebellar, lateral funiculi
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| show | the same side of the body as
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| show | direct system
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| Signals controlling automatic movements such as those needed to maintain balance are carried by the ____ system, one of the two motor tracts of the spinal cord. | show 🗑
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| The motor tracts of the spinal cord are located in the ____. | show 🗑
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| Damage to the ___ of the spinal cord prevents nerve impulses from reaching the muscle and causes the muscles to remain limp, a condition called ___ paralysis. | show 🗑
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| show | primary motor cortex; spastic
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| show | posterior spinal cord, numbness
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| show | muscle
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| show | angiography
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| show | Reflex
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| In ____, multiple X-rays, taken from many angles, are combined by computer into a 3D image | show 🗑
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| In ____, radio waves are used to produce detailed images which include soft tisues | show 🗑
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| In____, metabolism by each tissue is measured by passing the patient through a circular scanner after he or she has been given a small amount of the radioactive chemical. | show 🗑
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| show | PET scans
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| show | CNS development
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| In the elderly, blood pressure abnormalities, poor circulation, poor nutrition, prolonged inactivity and drug interactions can all induce___. | show 🗑
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