water pollution test
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| Describes the mechanisms by which water moves throughout the eart | hydrologic cycle
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| water soaking into the soil. occurs in the zone of aeration. seeps down to the water table and enters the aquifer | infiltration
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| regions where infiltration occurs. typically made up of sand soil and small rocks | zone of aeration
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| region where groundwater is located | zone of saturation
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| top region of zone of saturation. area immediately above groundwater | water table
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| underground regions of soil or porous rock that are saturated with water. | aquifer
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| regions where the water can infiltrate the soil and reach the aquifer | recharge zone
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| measures water permanently removed from water source | water consumption
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| lack of sufficient available water resources to meet water needs in a region | water stress
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| occurs when there is excessive water withdrawal causing a lowering of the water table. an area where the water table is much lower than surrounding areas. | cone of depression
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| a compression and sinking of the zone of saturation. caused by excessive ground water consumption | subsidence
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| removal of salt from saltwater. expensive due to cost of operating the desalination plants | desalination
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| water pollution from a single discharge location. Example, raw sewage from pipe | point source
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| pollution that is not from a single discharge location. example fertilizer runoff | non point source
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| matter that settles to the bottom of a liquid | sediment
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| degradation of water quality by any process that changes ambient water temperature. water used as coolant by plants | thermal pollution
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| waters that are too polluted or degraded to meet water quality standards | impaired waters
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| water purification technology that uses a semi permeable membrane to remove larger particles from drinking water | reverse osmosis
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| the action of purifying a liquid by a process of heating and cooling | distillation
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| process for disinfection water against bacteria and viruses using ozone | ozonation
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| industrial mining process to extract various metals from ore via a series of chemical reactions | heap leaching
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| a rod shaped bacteria presence in water indicates fecal contamination | coliform bacteria
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| water from a confined aquifer. pressure on the confined aquifer pushes water up the well without need for a pump. | artesian well
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| caused by an excess of nutrient pollution. it is an overgrowth of algea | eutrophication
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| why is clean water so important? What is an example of a disease that is transmitted by water? | water is necessary for all life. cholera.
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| most of the water in the world is ______. Most of the freshwater is found in _________ and ___________. | saltwater, glaciers and ice caps
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| you are digging in a well. How do you know when you have dug past the zone of aeration into the zone of into the zone of saturation in the soil? | There is available water - ground water
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| directly taps into an aquifer (usually confined aquifer) | artesian well
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| from an underground source | natural spring water
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| runs water through a semi permeable membrane | reverse osmosis municipal water
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| how are wetlands beneficial in managing water? list two ways | stabilize soil. slow runoff
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| of all the places water can be found, which one has the fastest turnover rate? | atmosphere
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| why are alternative water source such as desalination not utilized anymore? | too expensive and too much energy
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| what are PCBs and why are they so dangerous in water? | they are chemicals used in electronics. Can cause cancer
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| what effect does thermal pollution have on oxygen level of water? | decreases oxygen levels as temperatures increases
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| what are the two biggest ocean pollutants? | oil and plastics
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| where does most of the oil in the ocean come from? | non point sources
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| what new rule for oil supertankers was passed in the oil production act of 1990 after exxon-valdez accident? | double hull
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| what specifically does the clean water act address? | point source pollutants
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| "when the well is dry, we learn the worth of water." | benjamin franklin
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| what had the biggest effect on human life span after antibiotics? | having access to clean water
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| diseases transmitted by contaminated water include | intestinal disease, arsenic poisoning, mercury poisoning
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| three main parts of the water cycle | evaporates from wetlands lakes oceans and transpires from plants. enters the atmosphere which is colder condeses, moves underground by infiltration or runs off
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| what % of Earth's water is found in oceans? | 97%
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| Ground water is the _________ biggest reservoir of fresh water | available
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| infiltration is the process of __________________________________ | seeping through the zone of aeration to the water table
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| the zone of aeration contains | upper soil layers holding air and water
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| the zone of saturation contains | zone containing water table followed by ground water
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| what is the water table | upper level of zone of saturation
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| what are three benefits of wetlands | plays vital role in water cycle, increases biodiversity, stabilizes soil and prevents erosion, slows down runoff and increases aquifer recharge, holds excess water during floods
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| rivers and streams are formed from | runoff
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| the atmosphere is the _________ water reservoir | smallest
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| the atmosphere has a rapid turnover rate. what does that mean? | water does not stay in the atmosphere it redistributes
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| what is the largest source of water withdrawal? | agriculture
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| what is the second larges source | thermal electric power
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| where are most of the countries experiencing water stress? | africa
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| ground water is the source of _________ of the US freshwater | 0.6%
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| two consequences of heavy ground water withdrawal are | subsidence and cone of depression
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| what are three biggest domestics uses of water | toilet flushing, bathing, laundry and dishes
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| water pollution is any chance in water ___________ that adversely affects _____________ ____________. | quality, oxygen levels
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| what happens when an acid or base is added to water | the ph of the water changes
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| what are pcbs? | synthetic chemicals found to be mutagenic and banned in 1979. they are polychlorinated biphenyls that were used in electric equipment
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| which lake Michigan fish are listed do not eat? | channel catfish, lake trout and carp
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| what is impaired water? | too polluted to meet water quality standards
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| three main causes of impaired water | low levels of dissolved oxygen, excessive algae growth, decomposition of submerged plants
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| what percent of the water in our area is considered impaired? | 10-25%
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| what two requirements exist for testing tap water? | chlorine and fluoride
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| do similar requirements exist for bottled water | no
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| from an underground formation that naturally flows to the surface | spring water
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| water that has been filtered by ionization or reversed osmosis | purified water
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| from a confined aquifer | artesian water
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| in columbus from the Tuscaloosa aquifer | municipal water
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| water has been boiled and recollected | distilled water
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| reverse osmosis | removes dissolved inorganic solids from water
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| distillation | kills bacteria by boiling and contains no minerals
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| what happens to plastic bottles over time in the ocean? | plastic breaks down into smaller pieces due to exposure to the sun and accumulate in gyres ( rotating ocean currents)
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| what is the great ocean vortex | great pacific trash vortex located in the south pacific gyre
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| most of the oil in the ocean comes from | runoff from the land
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| what were the three reasons for the exxon valdez being such a disaster | remote location, delayed cleanup, the valdez was single hulled
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| oil pollution act of 1990 resulted in | oil companies responsible for cleanup and phased out single hulled tankers and replaced them with double hulled tankers
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| deepwater horizon: where did it occur? who operated the platform? | Gulf of Mexico and BP
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| What is Biological Oxygen Demand? BOD | amount of oxygen needed by aerobic organisms to break down organic material in water
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| what is dissolved oxygen content? DO | amount of oxygen carried in water
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Created by:
EmmaRoseDavis