Chemistry IL
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| What is the reaction rate? | The change in the amount of reactants or products per unit time
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| Calculate the order of the reaction with respect to NO Rate= K[NO2]^2[NO][O2]^2 | 1
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| State the rate determining step: Cl. + O3 -> ClO. + O2 (slowest step) ClO. + O. -> Cl. + O2 | Rate = K [Cl.][O3]
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| What is the half- life of a reaction? | The time it takes for half of the reactants to be used up.
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| Explain why phenol doesn't require a halogen carrier to react with Br2 ? | The oxygen lone pair of electrons on the p-orbital is partially delocalised onto the benzene ring giving benzene a higher electron density, making it easier for electrophiles to attack the phenol.
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| State the order of a reaction when the rate-concentration graph shows a straight horizontal line | 0
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| State the reagents and reaction conditions of the nitrogenation of benzene | Conc H2SO4, conc HNO3, below 55 degrees
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| What is the name of the reaction between benzene and Br2 | Electrophilic substitution
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| What is the salt formed when sodium and phenol react? | Sodium phenoxide
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| Name two used of phenol | Antiseptic, adhesives, Bakelite plastics, polymer production
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| State the compounds formed when nitrobenzene reacts with tin and concentrated HCl at reflux? | phenyl amine and water
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| Name a tertiary amine | any i.e. trimethylamine,
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| State the reaction of the formation of nitrous acid | NaNO2 + HCl -> HNO2 + NaCl
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| A catalyst is added to an equilibrium, what direction does the equilibrium shift in? | None, equilibrium is achieved faster.
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| What is a Brownsted-Lowry acid | Proton donors, release H+ ions when mixed with water
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| State what a strong acid is? | Acids that dissociate almost completely in water, nearly all H+ ions are released.
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| State what a buffer is? | A solution that resists changes in pH when small amounts of acid or alkali are added.
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| How many carbon environments are in butanol? | 4
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| In a proton NMR spectrum, if a peak is split into a doublet how many hydrogen atoms are on adjacent carbon? | 1
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| State what the relative area under each peak shows? | The relative number of H atoms in each environment
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