Amsco Period 3 Chapters 4, 5, 6 key terms
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| Intolerable Acts | What were Parliament passed laws, known as the Intolerable Acts, which restricted colonists' rights. The laws made restrictions on town meetings, and stated that enforcing officials who killed colonists would be sent to Britain for trial
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| George III | Who was the king of england from 1760-1820. George rejected the Olive Branch Petition and the colonists began to see him as a tyrant
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| Whigs | What were conservatives who supported government programs, reforms, and public schools.Wanted internal improvements such as canals, railroads, and telegraph lines.They favored prohibitions of liquor and the abolition of slavery.
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| Salutary Neglect | What was the policy of the English government did not enforce those trade laws that most harmed the colonial economy. The purpose of salutary neglect was to ensure the loyalty of the colonists in the face of the Fr
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| Pontiac's Rebellion | What was a 1763 conflict between Native Americans and the British over settlement of Indian lands in the Great Lakes area
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| Proclamation of 1763 | What was The British government issued a proclamation that prohibited colonists from settling west
of the Appalachian Mountains. They hoped this would help to prevent future hostilities between colonists and Native Americans.
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| Seven Years' War (French and Indian War) | What was the war in which the colonies and then spread to Europe. Moreover, England and France now recognized the full importance of their colonies and shipped large amounts of troops to the Americas
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| Albany Plan of Union 1754 | What was The delegates from seven colonies adopted a plan developed by Benjamin Franklin that provided for an intercolonial government and a system for recruiting troops and
collecting taxes from the various colonies for their common defense.
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| George Washington | Who was the French and Indian War, the governor of Virginia sent a small militia under the command of a young colonel named George Washington to fight. After gaining a small initial victory, Washington's troops surrendered to a force of Frenchmen
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| Peace of Paris 1763 | What Ended French and Indian War
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| Sugar Act 1764 | This act placed duties on foreign sugar and certain luxuries. Its chief purpose was to raise money for the crown, and a companion law also provided for stricter enforcement of the Navigation Acts to stop smuggling.
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| Quartering Act 1765 | This act required the colonists to provide food and living quarters for British soldiers stationed in the colonies.
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| Stamp Act 1765 | an act passed by the British Parliment in 1756 that raised revenue from the American colonies by a duty in the form of a stamp required on all newspapers and legal or commercial documents, infuriated the colonies
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| Declaratory Act 1766 | This act asserted that Parliament had the right to tax and make laws for the colonies "in all cases whatsoever."
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| townshend Act 1767 | What was the policy that enacted new duties to be collected on colonial imports of tea, glass, and paper.
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| Tea Act 1773 | Law passed by parliament allowing the British East India Company to sell its low-cost tea directly to the colonies - undermining colonial tea merchants; led to the Boston Tea Party
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| Coercive Acts 1774 | What were the British government enacted a series of punitive acts after the Boston Tea Party
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| Enlightenment | What was a European movement in literature and philosophy. The leaders of this movement believed that the "darkness" of past ages could be corrected by the use of human reas
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| Rationalism | What was the movement that Trusted human reason to solve the many problems of life and society, and emphasized reason, science, and respect for humanity.
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| John Locke | Who was 17th-century English philosopher and political theorist. Locke, in his Two Treatises of Government, reasoned that while the state (the government) is supreme, it is bound to follow "natural laws" based on the rights that people have simply
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| Intolerable Acts | What were In retaliation of the Boston Tea Party, the British government enacted a series of punitive acts (the Coercive Acts), together with a separate act dealing with French Canada (the Quebec Act). The colonists were outraged by these various laws.
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| Patrick Henry | Who was A young Virginia lawyer expressed the sentiments of many when he stood up in the House of Burgesses to demand that the king's government recognize the rights of all citizens—including no taxation without representation.
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| Samuel Adams | Who was In 1768, James Otis and Samuel Adams jointly wrote the Massachusetts Circular Letter and sent copies to every colonial legislature.
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| John Adams | Who was He was the second president of the United States and a Federalist. He was responsible for passing the Alien and Sedition Acts. Prevented all out war with France after the XYZ Affair. His passing of the Alien and Sedition Acts,
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| John Jay | Who was the man played an important role in the establishment of the new government under the Constitution. One of the authors of The Federalist Papers,was involved in the drafting of the Constitution, the first chief justice of the Supreme Court
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| First Continental Congress 1774 | September 1774, delegates from twelve colonies (not Georgia) sent representatives to Philadelphia to discuss a response to the Intolerable Acts. Sent a petition to King George III and urged a boycott of British imports
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| Declaration of Rights and Grievances | What was Adopted by the First Continental Congress, it promised obedience to the king, but denied parliament's right to tax the colonies.
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| Second Continental Congress 1775 | (May 1775) Delegates organized the Continental Army, called on the colonies to send troops, selected George Washington to lead the army, and appointed the comittee to draft the Declaration of Independence
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| Olive Branch Petition | final peace offer sent by the Second Continental Congress to King George III
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| Thomas Jefferson | Who was a prominent statesman,this man became George Washington's first secretary of state. Along with James Madison, he took up the cause of strict constructionists, advocating limited federal government. Declaration of Independence
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| Declaration of Independance | the document recording the proclamation of the second Continental Congress (4 July 1776) asserting the independence of the colonies from Great Britain
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| Northwest Ordinance of 1787 | Federal order that divided the Northwest Territory into smaller territories and created a plan for how the territories could become states.
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| Paul Revere | Who was silversmith whose sketch of the Boston Massacre was propaganda for the patriots; "The British are coming"
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| Lexington and Concord | the first battle of the American Revolution (April 19, 1775)
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| Battle of Saratoga | The battle which was the turning point of the Revolution because after the colonists won this major victory, the French decided to support us with money, troops, ships, etc.
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| Battle of Yorktown | Last major battle of the Revolutionary War. Cornwallis and his troops were trapped in the Chesapeake Bay by the French fleet. He was sandwiched between the French navy and the American army. He surrendered October 19, 1781.
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| Articles of Confederation | the document that created the first central government for the United States; it was replaced by the Constitution in 1789
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| Thomas Paine; Common Sense | Who wrote a pamphlet Common Sense and convinced many Americans that it was time to declare independence from Britain.
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| Patriots | Who was People for declaring independence and on the side of the americans
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| Loyalists (Tories) | Who was People who were on the side of the British in the Revolutionary War
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| Shay's Rebellion | What event was led by Daniel Shays it was a protest against the land being taken away and the taxes that they had just worked so hard to get rid of
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| James Madison | Who was one of the primary creators of the United States Constitution and the Bill of Rights. He served in the Virginia legislature and in the Continental Congress during the American Revolution. He also became the Fourth President of the US
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| Alexander Hamilton | Who was First Secretary of the Treasury. He advocated creation of a national bank, assumption of state debts by the federal government, and a tariff system to pay off the national debt
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| Federalists | Who were those who supported the Constitution and a strong federal govt. arguing their were needed to maintain order and preserve the union
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| anti-federalists | Who were opponents of the Constitution and a large central govt., support state's rights; they argued that a strong central govt. would destroy the work of the Revolution, limit democracy and restrict state's rights.
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| The Federalist Papers | What were 85 essays that were eventually published as a book, which presented cogent reasons for believing in the practicality of each major provision of the Constitution. The highly persuasive essays were originally published in an NY newspaper
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| Bill of Rights; Ammendments | the first ten amendments outlined the fundamental rights of citizens of the USA. They provided the guarantees that Anti-Federalists wanted against possible abuses of power by the fed. govt. In 1789the first Congress under the Constitution acted quickly to
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| Washington's Farewell Address | stressed maintaining commercial but not political ties to other nations; stressed not entering permanent alliances; America's uniqueness depended on being independent action on foreign affairs
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| Alien and Sedition Acts | What allowed president has a right to deport any dangerous aliens and to detain enemy aliens in time of war)
Sedition Acts (made it illegal for newspapers to criticize the president)
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| Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions | Both Kentucky and Virginia issued these in response to the Alien and Sedition Acts, saying that the states had entered into a compact in creating the federal government and if a federal law broke that contract, the states could declare it null and void
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| Constitutional Convention | called the 13 states to send delegates to Philly to revise the Articles of Confederation; only Rhode Island didn't go
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| Checks and Balances | when a branch of government has sufficient power to check the others)
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| Virginia Plan | favored large states in proportional representation
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| New Jersey Plan | favored the small states in proportional representation
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| Connecticut Plan; Great Comprimise | 2 House Congress, equal representation in the Senate, but the larger body (the House), would be represented according to proportional representation
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| House of Representatives | the larger of the two houses of congress, it is the lower house, with the number of representatives from each state being based on population
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| Senate | the smaller of the two houses of Congress, it is the upper house and each state has equal representation in it (2 senators per state)
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| Three-Fifths Compromise | each slave counted as 3/5s of a person for the purposes of determining a state's level of taxation and representation
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| Slave Trade | a decision was reached which guaranteed that slaves could be imported for at least 20 years longer (until 1808), at which time Congress could vote to abolish the practice
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| Infant Industries | Hamilton proposed to protect the young nation's new and developing industries by imposing high tariffs on imported goods
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| National Bank | Hamilton proposed to create a national bank for depositing govt funds and for printing banknotes that would provide the basis for a state US currency
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| Tariffs; excise taxes | to raise enough revenue to pay govt debts, Hamilton got Congress to pass these on certain goods (i.e. Whiskey)
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| Electoral College System | delegates assign to each state a number of electors equal to the total of that state's representatives and senators; instituted because the delegates at Philadelphia feared that too much democracy might lead to mob rule
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| Legislative Branch | Congress
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| Congress | a formal meeting or series of meetings for discussion between delegates, especially those from a political party or labor union or from within a particular discipline.
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| Federal Courts | supreme court; others made by congress but with less power and determine number of justices making up Supreme Court
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| Supreme Court | only federal court in Constitution and Judiciary Act of 1789 estabalished that court with one chief justice and five associate justices
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| National Debt | Jefferson/Supporters agreed to Hamilton to pay off the national debt at face value and assume payments of war debts of the states
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| Whiskey Rebellion | PA, farmers refused to pay federal excise tax on whiskey and they attacked revenue collects; Washington federalized 15000 state militiamen and put them under Hamilton's command, scaring the farmers and ending the rebellion
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| Democratic-Republican Party | supported Jefferson (anti Hamilton programs); southern state support and western frontier, whose political platform protected states' rights and strict containment of federal power
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| Political Parties | A political party is defined as an organised group of people with at least roughly similar political aims and opinions, that seeks to influence public policy by getting its candidates elected to public office.
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| Revolution of 1800 | in response to the Alien and Sedition Acts, and taxes, Jefferson won the election of 1800 and it was called a revolution because it was a successful transfer from one political party to another done without violence (Federalist to Democratic-Republican)
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| Proclamation of Neutrality 1793 | Washington believed the young nation was not strong enough to go to war and as a result, he proclaimed neutrality in the French conflict
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| Jay Treaty 1794 | US was tired of British searches and seizures of American ships and impressments of seamen into the British navy; after a year of talks, he made a treaty with British where they agreed to evacuate Western frontier posts, but said nothing of British seizur
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| Pinckney Treaty 1795 | Thomas Pinckney, US Ambassador to Spain, negotiated a treaty with Spain to open the lower Mississippi River and New Orleans to America
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| XYZ Affair | when Americans were angered by prospect of US merchant ships being taken by the French, emissaries were sent to France by Adams and French Ministers X, Y, and Z requested bribes before negotiations could be had; delegates were livid and wanted war but Ada
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