Chapter 7 sociology
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| Deviance | behavior that departs from societal or group norms
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| Negative Deviance | involves behavior that under conforms to accepted norms
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| Positive Deviance | involves behavior that over conforms to social expectations
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| Deviant | a person who breaks significant societal or group norms
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| Social Control | ways to encourage conformity to society's norms
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| Social Sanctions | rewards or punishments that encourage conformity to social norms
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| Anomie | a social condition in which norms are weak, conflicting or absent
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| Strain Theory | theory that deviance is more likely to occur when a gap exists between cultural goals and the ability to achieve these goals by legitimate means
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| Control Theory | theory that compliance with social norms requires strong bonds between individuals and society
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| Differential Association Theory | theory that individuals learn deviance in proportion to number of deviant acts they are exposed to
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| Labeling Theory | theory that society creates deviance by identifying particular members as deviant
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| Primary Deviance | deviance involving occasional breaking of norms that is not a part of a person's lifestyle or self-concept
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| Secondary Deviance | deviance in which an individual's life and identity are organized around breaking society's norms
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| Victim Discounting | process of reducing the seriousness of the crimes that injure people of lower status
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| White-Collar Crime | job-related crimes committed by high-status people
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| Crime | acts committed in violation of the law
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| Criminal Justice System | system comprising institutions and processes responsible for enforcing criminal statuses
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| Detterence | discouraging criminal acts by threatening punishment
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| Retribution | punishment intended to make criminals pay compensation for their acts
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| Incarceration | a method of protecting society from criminals by keeping them in prisons
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| Rehabilitation | process of changing or reforming a criminal through socialization
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| Recidivism | a repetition of or return to criminal behavior
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| Stigma | an undesirable trait or label that is used to characterize an individual
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