microscope
Help!
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| clean the microscope | use only special grit-free lens paper to clean the lenses. use circular motion to wipe lenses. clean before and after use
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| begin focusing process | with the lowest powered objective lens in position changing to the higher-power lenses as necessary
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| use coarse adjustment knob | only with the lowest power objective lens
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| coverslip | always use w wet mount preparations
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| remove parts? | never remove parts from the microscope. inform your instructor of any mechanical problems that arise
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| storing | remove the slide from the the stage, rotate the lowest power objective lens into position, wrap the cord neatly around the base and replace dust cover n return microscope to cabinet
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| microscope | instrument of magnification
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| magnification is achieved | through the interplay of two lenses---the ocular lens and the objective lens
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| objective lens | magnifies the specimen to pro duce a real image that is projected to the ocular.
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| real image | projected to the ocular
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| virtural image | magnified image that your eyes see
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| total magnification (TM) | equal to the power of the ocular lens multiplied by the power of the objective lens used. ex 10 x 45 equals 450 TM or 10 x 45 TM
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| resolution | the ability to discriminate two close objects as separate
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| base | bottom of the ms. provides a sturdy flat surface to support and steady the ms
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| substage light | located in the base. the light from the lamp passes directly upwardthrough the ms
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| light control knob | located on the base or arm. this dial allows u to adjust the intensity of the light passing through the specimen
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| stage | the platform that the slide rests on while being viewed. the stage has a hole in it to allow light to pass through the stage and through the specimen
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| mechanical stage | holds the slide in position for viewing and has two adjustable knobs that control the precise movement of the slide
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| condenser | small nonmagnifying lens located beneath the stage that concentrates the light on the specimen. may have a light that raises n lowers to vary the light
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| condenser | best position is close to the inferior surface of the stage
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| iris diaphragm lever | a shutter in the condenser that can be controled by a lever to adjust the the amount of light passing through the condensor
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| iris diaphragm lever | can be moved to close the diaphragm and improve contrast.
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| iris diaphragm lever | if your field of view is too dark, you can open the diaphragm to let more light in
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| coarse adjustment knob | allows u to make large adjustments to the height of the stage to initally focus focus your specimen
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| fine adjustment knob | used for precise focusing once the initial coarse focusing has been completed
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| head | attaches to the nosepiece to support the objevtive lens system. it also provides for attachment of the eyepieces which house the ocular lens
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| arm | vertical portion of the ms that connects the base to the head.
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| nosepiece | rotating mechanism connected to the head
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| nosepiece | carries three or four objective lenses and permits positioning of the lenses over the hole in the stage
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| objective lenses | lenses are attached to the nosepiece.
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| compound microscope | has four objective lenses scanning 4x, low power 10x, high power 40x, oil immersion 100x
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| ocular lens (es) | binocular ms will have two lenses located in the eyepiece at the superior end of the head
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| ocular lenses | most have a magnification power of 10x
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| parafocal | ms feature most lab ms's have. the slide should be in focus (or nearly so) at the higher magnifications once you have properly focused at the lower magnification
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| field | the area u see through the ms
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| working distance | how far is the bottom of the objective lens from the surface of the slide.
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| ms field | decreases with increasing magnification
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| lens for storage | rotate the lowest powered objective lens into position
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| beginning to focus | use the lowest power of lens
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| virtual image | the enlarged image u see
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| resolution | (resolving power) the ability to discriminate two close objects as separate
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| working distance | the distance from the bottom of the objective lens to the surface of the slide
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| field | the area of the slide seen when looking through the microscope
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| parafocal | after focussing in low power, you only need to use the fine adjustment to focus at the higher powers
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| prepare a wet mount | a) place the object in a drop of water (or saline) on a clean slide b) hold a coverslip at a 45 degree angle w the fingertips; and c) lower the coverslip slowly
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