AP chem chapter one vocabulary
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| accuracy | agreement of a particular value with a true value
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| chemical change | change of substances into other substances through a reorganization of the atoms; a chemical reaction
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| chromatography | general name for a series of methods for separating mixtures by using a system with a mobile phase and a stationary phase
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| compound | substance with a constant composition that can be broken down into elements by chemical processes.
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| density | property of matter representing the mass per unit of volume
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| dimensional analysis | another term for unit factor method
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| distillation | method for separating components of a liquid mixture that depends on differences in the ease of vaporization of the components.
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| element | substance that cannot be decomposed into simpler substances by chemical or physical means.
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| exponential notation | expresses a number as N x 10^n a convenient method for representing very large or very small numbers and for easily indicating the number of significant figures.
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| filtration | method for separating componenets of mixtures containing a solid and a liquid
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| heterogeneous mixture | mixture having visibly distinguishable parts
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| homogeneous mixture | mixture having visibly indistinguishable parts.
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| hypothesis | one or more assumptions put forth to explain the observed behavior of nature.
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| law of conservation of mass | mass can not be created or destroyed
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| mass | quantity of matter in an object
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| matter | material of the universe
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| measurement | quantitative observation
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| model | another term for theory
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| natural law | statement that expresses generally observed behavior
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| paper chromatography | uses a strip of porous paper for the stationary phase
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| physical change | change in form of substance but not in chemical composition chemical bonds are not broken.
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| precision | degree of agreement among several measurements of the same quantity; reproducability of a measurement.
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| pure substance | substance with constant composition.
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| random error | an error that has equal probability of being high or low
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| scientific method | process of studying natural phenomena, involving observations, forming laws and theories, and testing theories by experimentation.
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| SI system | International System of Units based on the metric system and units derived from the metric system
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| significant figures | certain digits and first uncertain digits in measurements.
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| solution | a homogeneous mixture
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| states (of matter) | 3 different forms in which matter can exist; solid, liquid, and gas
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| systematic error | an error that always occurs in the same direction
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| theory | set of assumptions put forth to explain some aspect of observed behavior of matter
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| uncertainty | characteristic that any measurement involves estimates and cannot be exactly reproduced.
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| unit factor method | equivalence statement between units used for converting from one unit to another
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| weight | force exerted on an object by gravity.
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