Fundamental Ideas Glossary
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| Atom | The smallest part of an element that can still be recognised as an element.
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| Atomic Number | The number of protons (which equals the number of electrons) in an atom. It is sometimes called the proton number.
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| Compound | A substance made when two or more elements are chemically bonded together. For example water, H2O, is a compound made from hydrogen and oxygen.
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| Covalent Bond | The attraction between two atoms that share one, or more, pairs of electrons.
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| Covalent Bonding | The attraction between two atoms that share one, or more, pairs of electrons.
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| Delocalised Electron | Bonding electron that is no longer associated with any one particular atom.
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| Dot and Cross Diagram | A drawing to show the arrangement of the outer shell electrons only of the atoms or ions in a substance.
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| Double Bond | A covalent bond made by the sharing of two pairs of electrons.
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| Electron | A tiny particle with a negative charge. Electrons orbit the nucleus in atoms or ions.
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| Electronic Structure | A set of numbers to show the arrangement of electrons in their shells or energy levels. E.g. the electronic structure of a potassium atom is 2,8,8,1.
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| Element | A substance made up of only one type of atom. An element can not be broken down chemically into any simpler substance.
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| Energy Level (or Shell) | An area in an atom, around its nucleus, where the electrons are found.
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| Shell (or Energy Level) | An area in an atom, around its nucleus, where the electrons are found.
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| Gas | A state of matter.
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| Inert | Unreactive.
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| Ion | A charged particle formed by the loss or gain of electrons.
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| Ionic Bond | The electrostatic force of attraction between positively and negatively charged ions.
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| Ionic Bonding | The electrostatic force of attraction between positively and negatively charged ions.
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| Liquid | A state of matter.
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| Mass Number | The number of protons plus neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.
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| Mixture | When some elements or compounds are mixed together and intermingle but do not react together. (i.e. no new substance is made). A mixture is not a pure substance.
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| Molecule | A group of atoms bonded together, e.g. PCl3.
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| Neutron | A dense particle found in the nucleus of an atom. It is electrically neutral, carrying no charge.
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| Nucleus ( of an atom) | The very small and dense central part of an atom which contains protons and neutrons.
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| Product | A substance made as a result of a chemical reaction.
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| Proton | A tiny positive particle found in the nucleus of an atom.
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