Chapter 14

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Psychiatrists and psychologists label behavior as disordered when it is

deviant, distressful, and dysfunctional

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Ongoing patterns of behavior that are different from those of most other people in your culture are best characterized as

deviant

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Inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity are major symptoms of

ADHD

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According to the medical model, psychological disorders are

sicknesses that need to diagnosed and cured.

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The medical model of psychologically disordered behavior is most likely to be criticized for neglecting the importance of

social circumstances and psychological factors

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Many clinicians diagnose disorders by answering questions from five levels of the

DSM-IV-TR

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A fundamental problem with the diagnostic labeling of psychologically disordered behaviors is that the labels often

bias our perceptions of the labeled person

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When children are told that certain classmates have learning disabilities, they may behave in ways that inhibit the success of those students in the classroom. This best illustrates the dangers of

self-fulfilling prophecies

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Maladaptive behaviors that reduce worry and fear are most indicative of

an anxiety disorder

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Kaylee is so afraid of spiders and insects that she avoids most outdoor activities and even refuses to go to the basement of her own house alone. Kaylee appears to suffer from

a phobia

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Obsessions are

offensive and unwanted thought that persistently preoccupy a person

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The social withdrawal and haunting nightmares of battle-scarred war veterans best illustrate symptoms of

PTSD

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Two years after being brutally beaten and raped, Brianna still experiences jumpy anxiety and has trouble sleeping and vivid flashbacks of her assault. Brianna is most clearly showing signs of

Post-traumatic stress disorder

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Most political dissidents who survive dozens of episodes of torture do not later exhibit PTSD. This best illustrates survivor

Resiliency

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A person attacked by a fierce dog develops a fear of all dogs. This best illustrates

stimulus generalization

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A psychological disorder in which the symptoms take a bodily form without apparent physical cause is a

Somatoform disorder

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Misinterpreting normal physical sensations as symptoms of a dreaded disease is indicative of

hypochondriasis

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Disruptions in conscious awareness and sense of identity are most characteristic of ________ disorders.

dissociative disorder

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The prominent feature of mood disorders is the experience of

emotional extremes.

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A major depressive disorder is most likely to be characterized by

Feelings of personal worthlessness

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For the last month, Gabrielle has felt lethargic and has been unable to get out of bed in the morning. She has withdrawn from friends and family because she feels worthless and unlovable. Gabrielle is most likely suffering from

Major depressive disorder

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A disorder in which an individual is overexcited, hyperactive, and wildly optimistic is known as

msnis

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In which disorder do people alternate between states of lethargic hopelessness and wild overexcitement?

Bipolar disorder

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Cognitive changes that accompany depression include a(n)

increased expectation of negative outcomes.

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The risk of suicide is greatest when people

begin to rebound from their depression

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Inanna suffers from chronic depression. According to the social-cognitive perspective, how is she most likely to respond when told that she performed very poorly on a test she took the previous day?

"I'm academically incompetent and always will be.

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Jabar, a 25-year-old auto mechanic, thinks he is Napoleon. He further believes he is being imprisoned against his will in the psychiatric hospital where his relatives have brought him for treatment. Jabar is most likely suffering from

Schizophrenia

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A breakdown in selective attention is most likely to be experienced by those who suffer from

Schizophrenia

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One of the negative symptoms of schizophrenia is

an expressionless face

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Low birth weight is a known risk factor for

Schizophrenia

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An adopted child's chances of developing schizophrenia ________ if the biological parents have schizophrenia. The child's chances ________ if the adopted parents have schizophrenia.

increasell decirease

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'Pychologists are LEAST likely to suggest that ________ contribute(s) to the development of schizophrenia.

neglectful child-rearing practices

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Those with narcissistic personality disorder are likely to be preoccupied with

Their own self-importance

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The distinctive older term psychopath refers to an individual with

Antisocial personality disoder.

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Antisocial personality disorder is most likely to be characterized by

A lack of guilt

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A World Health Organization study of 20 countries estimated that ________ had the highest prevalence of mental disorders during the prior year.

the United States

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Researchers have suggested that the role-playing of fantasy-prone patients in response to the leading questions of therapists has often contributed to

dissociative identity disorder

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