mb21,43,44 Q9, 10
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| In plants, the diploid, multicellular organism is the: | sporophyte
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| The haploid generation of a plant is called the sporophyte. True or False? | False
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| What characteristics differentiates plants from green algae? | multicellular, dependent embryos
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| Green algae are assumed to be ancestors of plants because: | green algae make cellulose and starch.
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| The cuticle of a leaf is one modification that enabled plants to move onto land. True or False? | True
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| Which of these is an advantage to a plant that moved onto land? | increased sunlight availability
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| To strengthen the conducting cells and help plants stand erect without water for them to float in, land plants developed: | lignan
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| In mosses gametes are produced by ______; in ferns gametes are produced by ______. | mitosis.....mitosis
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| Where do fern antheridia develop? | on the underside of the gametophyte
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| The conspicuous part of a fern plant is a _____. | diploid sporophyte
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| In moss, _____ produce sperm. | antheridia
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| The sperm produced by mosses require _____ to reach an archegonium. | moisture
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| In the moss life cycle ______ cells within a sporangium undergo ______ to produce ______ spores. | diploid....meiosis....haploid
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| In mosses gametes are produced by _____; in ferns gametes are produced by _____. | mitosis....mitosis
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| What characteristics are shared by algae and seed plants? | chloroplasts
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| You discover a plant that has unusual fruit around the seed and leaves with parallel veins. In which of the two major groups of flowering plants does it belong and why? | monocots, because it has parallel veins
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| What characteristics help differentiate between a monocot and a dicot? | number of flower parts
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| Increases in plant length (such as overall height or branch and root length) result from cell division that occurs: | only in apical meristems at shoot and root tips.
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| A plant that has only primary growth and no secondary growth does NOT have any: | development of thick woody branches.
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| What cell type permits the continued growth of a plant throughout its life? | meristem cells
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| How does carbon dioxide enter a leaf? | CO2 passes through openings called stomata on the leaf surface.
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| Secondary growth NEVER occurs in _____. | leaves
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| _____ provides cells for secondary growth. | Vascular cambium
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| Vascular cambium forms wood toward the stem's _____ and secondary phloem toward the stem's _____. | center...surface
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| What is the function of cork? | insulation and waterproofing
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| How is the supply of vascular cambium maintained? | by the division of its cells
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| In a dicot stem, the ________ is between the vascular cambium and the cork cambium. | phloem
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| Which of these tissues is between the epidermis and the vascular bundle in a young dicot stem? | cortex
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| In leaves, chloroplasts are found in _____. | palisade mesophyll
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| Which of the following makes up most of an old tree trunk? | secondary xylem
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| Most of a carrot, a root adapted for carbohydrate storage, is: | cortex.
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| Root hairs develop from the: | epidermis
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| The location of the pericyle is best described as: | the outermost layer of the vascular cylinder.
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| Under the influence of hormones, branch roots emerge from the ________ of a growing root. | pericycle
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| On the tip of the root, the apical meristem forms the ________, which prevents the meristem from being worn away as it pushes through the soil. | root cap
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| The concentration of nutrients in plants is approximately the same as the concentration of nutrients in the surrounding soil. True or False? | False
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| Diffusion doesn't require energy. Why do plants expend energy in active transport to transport minerals into root hairs? | Mineral concentrations in the soil are too low for diffusion
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| All of the following are part of a plant's shoot system EXCEPT: | mycorrhizae
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| What cellular feature allows a mineral such as manganese to diffuse from cell to cell after being taken up by roots? | plasmodesmata
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| Bacteria-containing nodules in the roots of legume plants aid in the utilization of: | nitrogen
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| Water flows upward in some xylem tubes and downward in others. True or False? | False
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| The ________ theory explains the movement of water and minerals through xylem. | cohesiontension theory
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| In the cohesion-tension theory, "cohesion" refers to the: | attraction of water molecules for one another.
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| When potassium ion is transported into guard cells, water: | enters by osmosis
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| Which of these processes is responsible for leaves being considered sugar sources? | photosynthesis
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| _____ transport(s) sugars from leaves to, for example, taproots. | Phloem
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| Sugar moves from leaves into the _____ of _____ by _____. | sieve-tube members...phloem...active transport
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| The water pressure that pushes water and sugar from sugar source to sugar sink is referred to as _____. | bulk flow
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| Water moves into phloem by ____. | osmosis
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| At a sugar sink, sugar is removed from phloem by _____. | active transport
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| In a sugar sink, such as a taproot, sugar is converted into _____. | starch
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| _____ is responsible for the movement of sugars from leaves to taproots; _____ is responsible for the movements of sugar from taproots to leaves. | Bulk flow...bulk flow
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| Tree roots are a ________ of sugars in spring and a ________ in the fall. | source; sink
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| Asexual reproduction is rare in plants. True or False? | False
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| Ferns and mosses need water for sexual reproduction because: | they have swimming sperm
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| An oak tree is a: | sporophyte
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| The embryo sac of angiosperms consists of eight diploid cells and one haploid egg cell. True or False? | False
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| The male reproductive structure, the stamen, consists of: | the filament and anther.
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| Meiosis produces a ________, which eventually gives rise to an egg in an unfertilized seed. | megaspore
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| Which of the following undergoes meiosis during the development of pollen grains? | microspore mother cell
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| All of the following are processes that occur during angiosperm reproduction EXCEPT: | one megaspore degenerates, and the other three divide once to produce the six-celled embryo sac.
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| In flowering plants, the unfertilized ovule contains the: | female gametophyte
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| Endosperm has allowed the angiosperms to become the most numerous and diverse plant group. What is the role of the endosperm? | It provides nutrition for the developing embryo, therefore increasing survival rates.
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| A fruit is a mature: | ovary
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| What is endosperm? | via cotyledons, a source of food for the embryo
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| The pointer is indicating a diploid cell that develops into the _____. | embryo
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| Fruits evolved primarily as structures specialized to _____. | disperse seeds
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| In gymnosperms, the ____________________ is dominant over the ____________________ generation. | sporophyte/gametophyte
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| Which statement regarding vessel elements is true? | Vessel elements are dead at functional maturity and transport water and minerals from roots to leaves. Correct
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| Which of the following is not a characteristic used to distinguish monocots from dicots? | presence or absence of seeds
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| The ____________________ include liverworts, hornworts, and mosses. | bryophytes
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| A(n) ____________________ is a structure in which male gametes develop. | antheridium
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| A monocot stem cannot undergo secondary growth because it lacks | vascular cambium
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| Cells that function in storage or photosynthesis are | parenchyma cells
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| ____________________ are plants that produce seeds that are enclosed in an ovary. | Angiosperms
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| All vascular plants produce seeds. True or False? | False
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| In ferns, the gametophyte grows out of the sporophyte. True or False? | False
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| The carpel consists of a stigma, style, and ovary. True or False? | True
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| The vascular cambium produces xylem toward the inside of the stem. True or False? | True
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| After fertilization the ______ develops into a seed and the _____ develops into a fruit. | ovule; ovary
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| Pith is ground tissue found in roots of a dicot. True or False? | False
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| Stomata are located on the underside of the leaf and are flanked by guard cells. These guard cells close the stomata by...? | losing water by osmosis due to a loss of K+. This results in a shrinking of the guard cells that close the stomata.
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| In angiosperms, the endosperm (not the primary endosperm) forms due to....? | double fertilization of the female gametophyte
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| Lateral roots are a result of cell division in the...? | pericycle
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| Sunlight is required for transpiration. True or False? | False
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| Phloem transports sap....? | fro sugar sources to sugar sinks
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