Study Guide Questions
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| Which of the following defense mechanisms involves directing unacceptable impulses at a less threatening target? | A. Displacement
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| Of all the big five personality traits, _____ is probably the most important in health and longevity issues. | C. conscientiousness
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| Modern criminal profiling is based on the personological approach of _____. | C. Henry Murray
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| Walter Mischel's view of situationism states that _____. | B. personality varies considerably from one context to another
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| According to Gray’s reinforcement sensitivity theory, individuals who are high on the behavioral inhibition system (BIS) ______. | A. are more susceptible to negative mood
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| Which of the following neurotransmitters is associated with extraversion? | A. Dopamine
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| The Rorschach inkblot test is a(n)_____ test of personality. | C. projective
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| Of the following factors, _____ is the strongest predictor of whether a person will experience a mental disorder. | C. cognitive style
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| Although Carol has been experiencing persistent anxiety for the past 6 months, she has been unable to specify the cause or source of her nervous feelings. Carol likely suffers from _____. | D. generalized anxiety disorder
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| Which of the following is NOT a symptom of post-traumatic stress disorder? | D. Depressed arousal and fatigue
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| Depressed people tend to have low levels of which neurotransmitters? | D. Serotonin and norepinephrine
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| ______ has the highest mortality rate of any psychological disorder. | D. Anorexia nervosa
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| Which of the following is NOT considered a positive symptom of schizophrenia? | D. Flat affect
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| In 1973 Rosenhan conducted a study in which eight healthy individuals were committed to a psychiatric hospital. What did the results of this study demonstrate? | C. Being labeled with a mental disorder creates a self-fulfilling prophecy that changes the way mental health professionals evaluate and treat you.
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| Which of the following biological interventions for changing behavior is used LEAST often? | B. Electroconvulsive therapy
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| Lithium is commonly used to treat ______. | B. bipolar disorder
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| The main goal of psychoanalysis is to ______. | B. provide clients with insight into their unconscious conflicts
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| According to Freudian dream interpretation, the obvious content of a person’s dream hides the true meaning of the dream, called the ______ content. | C. latent
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| Aversive conditioning can be an effective treatment for _____. | C. smoking, overeating, and drinking alcohol
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| ______ suggests that psychological disorders are the result of irrational and self-defeating beliefs. | C. Rational-emotive behavior theory
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| Validation, reframing, structural change, and detriangulation are techniques commonly used in _____. | C. family therapy
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| The tendency for observers to underestimate the impact of the situation and overestimate the impact of inner dispositions upon another’s behavior is called ______. | B. the fundamental attribution error
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| _____ is the tension that arises when people realize that their behavior is inconsistent with their attitudes | B. Cognitive dissonance
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| Despite evidence to the contrary, Denise thinks she is smarter than most of the people in her class. Denise’s unfounded attitude about herself is an example of a(n) _____. | A. positive illusion
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| According to _____, people who have first agreed to a small request tend to comply later with a larger request. | A. the foot-in-the-door technique
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| What is the key social emotion involved with altruism? | B. Empathy
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| You are studying in a quiet but crowded library when you suddenly start coughing. You soon notice others doing the same thing. This is an example of _____. | D. social contagion
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| Sherif’s Robbers Cave study showed that perceptions of the outgroup are affected by _____. | C. competitive and cooperative activities
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