A & P 9 weeks
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| Structure that encloses the nerve cord | Vertebral arch
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| Weight-bearing part of the vertebra | Body
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| Provides levers for the muscles to pull against | Spinous process
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| Provides an articulation point for the ribs | Tranverse process
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| Openings allowing spinal nerves to pass | Intervertebral foramina
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| _______ is an exaggerated thoracic curvature | kyphosis
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| In _____ the vertebral column is displaced laterally. | scoliosis
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| Mandible, Frontal bone, Temporal bone, Occipital bone | mandible
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| True or False? The largest foramen in the skull is the FORAMEN MAGNUM. | True
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| True or False? The first major event of fracture healing is HEMATOMA FORMATION. | True
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| Bone is broken cleanly; the ends do not penetrate the skin | Simple fracture
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| Nonsurgical realignment of broken bone ends and splinting of bone | Closed reduction
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| A break common in children; bone splinters, but break is incomplete | Greenstick fracture
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| A fracture in which the bone is crushed; common in the vertebral column | Compression fracture
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| A fracture in which the bone ends penetrate through the skin surface | Compound fracture
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| Surgical realignment of broken bone ends | Open reduction
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| A result of twisting forces | Spiral fracture
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| True or False? A HEMATOMA usually forms at a fracture site. | True
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| True or False? Deprived of nutrition, OSTEOCYTES at the fracture site die. | True
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| True or False? Nonbony debris at the fracture site is removed by OSTEOCLASTS. | False, Phagocytes
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| True or False? Growth of a new capillary supply into the region produces GRANULATION TISSUE. | True
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| True or False? Osteoblasts form the MEDULLARY CAVITY migrate to the fracture site. | False, Periostem
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| True or False? The FRIBROCARTILAGE CALLUS is the first repair mass to splint the broken bone. | True
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| True or False? The bony callus is initially composed of COMPACT bone. | False, spongy
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| True or False? In a SPRAIN, the ligaments reinforcing a joint are excessively stretched or torn. | True
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| True or False? CHRONIC arthritis usually results from bacterial invasion. | False, Acute
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| True or False? Healing of a partially torn ligament is slow because its hundreds of fibrous strands are poorly ALIGNED. | False, Vasclarized
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| True or False? RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS is an autoimmune disease. | True
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| Conveys the sense of pain in bone and joints | Nervous
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| superior and medial nasal conchae formed from its projections | ethmoid
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| site of cribriform plate | ethmoid
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| tiny bones bearing tear ducts | lacrimal
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| site of mental foramen | mandible
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| condyles here articulate with the atlas | occipital
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| site of sella turcica | sphenoid
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| four bones containing paranasal sinuses | ethmoid, frontal, maxilla, sphenoid
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| Provides levers for the muscles to pull against. | spinous, transverse processes
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| Openings providing for exit of spinal nerves. | intervertebral foramina
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| Type of vertebrae containing foramina in the transverse processes, through which the vertebral arteries ascend to reach the brain. | Atlas, axis and cervical vertebra
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| Transverse process have facets for articulation with ribs; spinous process points sharply downward. | Thoracic vertebra
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| Composite bone; articulates with the hip bone laterally. | Sacrum
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| Tailbone; vestigial fused vertebrae. | coccyx
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| Supports the head; allows the rocking motion of the occipital condyles. | Atlas
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| the organs protected by the thoracic cage include the ___ and the ____ | heart, lungs
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| Condyle | Projection
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| Crest | Projection
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| Head | Projection
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| Ramus | Projection
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| Spine | Projection
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| Tuberosity | Projection
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| Fissure | Depression
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| Foramen | Depression
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| Meatus | Depression
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| What kind of bone is Calcaneus | Short Bone
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| What kind of bone is Metacarpal | Short Bone
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| What kind of bone is Frontal | Flat
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| What kind of bone is Mandible | Flat
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| What kind of bone is Sternum | Flat
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| What kind of bone is Femur | Long
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| What kind of bone is Radius | Long
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| What kind of bone is Humerus | Long
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| What kind of bone is vertebra | irregular
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| site of spongy bone | epiphysis
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| Location of compact bone in an adult's bone 2) Scientific name for bone shaft | Diaphysis
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| Yellow marrow cavity & Medullary cavity | Site of fat storage
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| epiphyseal plate | Region of longitudinal growth in a child
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| Red marrow and epiphysis | Site of hematopoiesis
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| canaliculi | Tiny canals connecting lacunae
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| lacunae | "Residences" of osteocytes
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| concentric lamellae | Layers of calcified matrix
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| Central (Haversian) Canal | Longitudinal canal, carrying blood vessels and nerves
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| Osteocyte | Mature bone cells that maintain bone in a viable state
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| Osteoblasts | immature, or matrix depositing, bone cells
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| Osteoclasts | Bone cells that liquefy bone matrix and release calcium to the blood
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| calcitonin | causes blood calcium to be deposited in bones as calcium salts
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| Parathyroid hormone | When blood calcium levels begin to drop below homeostatic levels, it is released, causing calcium to be released from bones
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| Step 1 of Endochrondral ossification | Perichondrium becomes vascularized to a greater degree and becomes periosteum
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| Step 2 of Endochrondral ossification | Collar of bone is laid down around the hyaline cartilage model just beneath the periosteum
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| Step 3 of Endochrondral ossification | Cavity formation occurs within the hyaline cartilage
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| Step 4 of Endochrondral ossification | Periosteal bud invades the marrow cavity
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| Step 5 of Endochrondral ossification | Osteoblasts lay down bone around the cartilage spicules in the bone's interior
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| Step 6 of Endochrondral ossification | Osteoclasts remove the cancellous bone from the shaft, interior, leaving a marrow cavity that then houses fat
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| When a bone forms from a fibrous membrane, the process is called [endochondral] ossification. | False; intramembrous ossification is the process when a bone forms from a fibrous membrane.
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| When trapped in lacunae, osteoblasts change into [osteocytes]. | True (osteocytes)
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| Large numbers of [osteocytes] are found in the inner periosteum layer. | False; Large numbers of mesenchymal cells/osteoblasts are found in the inner periosteum layer.
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| [Primary] ossification centers appear in the epiphyses. | False; Secondary ossification centers appear in the epiphyses.
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| Epiphyseal plates are made of [spongy bone]. | False; Epiphyseal plates are made of hyaline cartilage.
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| In appositional growth, bone reabsorption occurs on the [periosteal] surface. | False; bone reaborption occurs on the endoseal surface.
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| "Maturation" of newly formed (noncalcified) bone matrix takes about [10 days]. | False; "maturation" takes about 12 days.
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| What are sinuses | Mucosal, air-filled cavities in bone
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| What purpose do they serve in the skull? | They lighten the skull, and serve as reasonary chambers for speech
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| Why are they susceptible to infection? | Their mucus is continuous with the nasal passage which is where they drain
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Created by:
evie mcintyre