Syntax AP Lit
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| antithesis | a direct contrast of structurally parallel word groupings for the purpose of contrast--"It was the best of times, it was the worst of times."
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| parallel structure | a grammatical or structural similarity between sentences or parts of a sentence. "I like running, skiing, and swimming."
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| rhetorical question | a question that expects no answer--used to draw attention to a point? "What's the meaning of life?" "What am I doing here?"
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| simple sentence | a sentence containing one subject and one verb
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| declarative sentence | a sentence that makes a statement. "The sky is blue." "On that Tuesday in May when I'd forgotten my binder, I was late to class."
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| Imperative sentence | A sentence that gives a command. "Tie my shoes." "Please turn in your assignment."
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| Interrogative sentence | A sentence that asks a question. "Where are you going?" "Why did the chicken cross the road?"
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| Exclamatory sentence | a sentence that makes an exclamation. "The witch is dead!"
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| compound sentence | a sentence containing two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction
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| complex sentence | a sentence containing an independent and one or more subordinate clauses
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| compound-complex sentence | a sentence containing two or more independent clauses and one or more subordinate clauses
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| loose sentence | a sentence in which the main clause comes first and any subordinate clauses or other phrases follow
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| periodic sentence | a sentence that is not grammatically complete until the final clause or phrase
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| balanced sentence | a sentence in which the phrases or clauses are similar to each other by virtue of their likeness in structure and/or length
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| natural order | a sentence in which the subject comes before the predicate
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| inverted order | a sentence in which the predicate comes before the subject
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| split order | a sentence in which the subject appears in the middle of a split predicate
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| anaphora | the deliberate repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of several successive poetic lines, prose sentences, clauses, or paragraphs to emphasize an idea
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| epistrophe | the ending of a series of lines, phrases, clauses, or sentences with the same word or words for emphasis or emotional impact
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| ploce | repeating a word within the same line or clause, usually separated by intervening words, often with a different nuance of meaning or different part of speech. "Give me a break. Give me a break. Break me off a piece of that Kit-Kat bar!"
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| syntax | the ordering of words into meaningful verbal patterns, such as phrases, clauses, or sentences
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| clause | a group of words containing a subject and its verb
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| phrase | a group of related words within a sentence
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| sentence | a group of words containing a subject and its verb which expresses a complete idea
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| interrupted order sentence | a sentence in which the subordinate elements come in the middle, often set off by dashes
"Students--thousands of them--stormed the plaza."
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| polysyndeton | a stylistic device in which several coordinating conjunctions are used in succession in order to achieve an artistic effect.
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| antimetabole | the repetition of words in successive clauses, but in transposed order. "If you fail to plan, plan to fail."
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