Definitions
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each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| define statistics | the sciences of conducting studies to collect, organize, summarize, analyze, and draw conclusions from data
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| 3 examples of how statistics are used in everyday life | 1. used in fields of human endeavor-sports, public health, and education
2. used ton analyze the results of a survey
3. used as a tool in scientific research
4.other uses include operations research, quality control estimation, and predictions
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| 3 reasons to study statistics | 1.to be able to understand statistical studies
2.to be able to conduct research, design experiments, make predictions, and communicate results
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| branch area of statistics- example of descriptive and inferential | 1.descriptive statistics consists of the collection, organization, summarization, and presentation of data
2.inferential statistics consists of generalizing from samples to populations, performing estimation and hypothesis test,determiningrelationships..
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| examples of variables- qualitative and quantitative (both discrete and continuous) | 1. qualitative- gender, color, religion, location
2. quantitative- age, height, weight, body temp
discrete variables-counted, # of children, # of calls
continuous- infinite,measuring, fractions
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| be able to find boundaries - 15cm | 14.5-15.5 cm
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| examples of each of the measurement levels (nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio) | 1. nominal- gender, zip code, marital status
2. ordinal- grade(A,B,C,D)
3. interval- SAT scores
4. ratio- weight, height
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| list 2 purposes of for date collection | 1. to help describe situations or events
2. to help people make better decisions before acting
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| list 3 ways to collect data | surveys, surveying records, and direct observation
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| list an advantage and a disadvantage for the 3 kinds of surveys | 1. telephone- ADV- cost less, not face to face DIS- not all people home, unlisted
2. mailed- ADV- can cover wider area, cost less, remain anonymous DIS- low number of responses
3. personal interview ADV- indepth DIS- trained more costly
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| examples of each of the sampling methods (random, systematic, stratifies, and cluster) | 1. random- randomly generated
2. systemic- selecting the kth person
3. stratified- people in groups, select a few from each group
4. cluster- people in groups, 1 group represents all
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| examples of the kind of studies (observational and experimental) | 1. observational- when you observe what is/has happening/ed
2. researcher manipulates the independent variable to see hoe it influences the dependent
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| list 2 advantages and 2 disadvantages for both observational and experimental studies | Observationl- ADV- natural setting, dangerous DIS-$ & time
Experimental- ADV-decide how to select and group subjects,control or manipulate individual variables DIS-may occur in an unnatural setting, Subjects knowingly change behavior #HawthorneEffect
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| identify the independent and dependent variables from studies | Independent variable is the variable you change to see the relation of another variable
Dependent variable is the outcome vaariable
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| list the 5 uses of statistics | to describe data, to compare 2 or more data sets, to determine if variables are related, to test hypothesis, and to make estimations
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| list the 7 minuses of statistics | suspect samples, ambiguous averages, changing the subject, detached statistics, implied connections, misleading graphs, and faulty surveys
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| identify things that make a survey question bad | biased questions, samples not random, confusing words, asking double barreled questions, using double negatives, ordering questions improperly
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| list the problems for getting random samples and systematic samples |
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Created by:
dsrowlett
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