Prob/Stat Chapter 1 + 14.1, 14.2
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Statistics | science of conducting studies to collect, organize, summarize, analyze, and draw conclusions from data
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| 3 examples of how Statistics is used in everyday life | human endeavor (sports, public health, education), analyze results of a survey, and as a tool in scientific research to make decisions based on controlled experiments
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| 3 reasons to use statistics | To understand statistical studies, to be able to conduct research, design experiments, make predictions, and communicate results, and to become better consumers
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| branch areas of statistics | Descriptive: collection, organization, summarization, and presentation of data
Inferential: generalizing from samples to populations, performing estimations and hypothesis tests, determining relationships among variables, and making predictions
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| Examples of variables | Qualitative: placed into distinct categories (gender, color, etc.)
Quantitative: ordered by rank (age, height etc)
Discrete variable: countable (number of children, etc)
Continuous variable: infinite numbers between 2 numbers (height of kids, etc)
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| How to find boundaries | Boundaries contain one more decimal place than the initial value, with it being .x5 less and more than the number where x is the number of decimal places in the original value. Ex. 14 (13.5 - 14.5) .43 (.425 - .435)
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| Examples of each of the measurement levels | Nominal: Gender, zip code, etc.
Ordinal: Letter grades, ranking (1st, 2nd, etc.)
Interval: IQ Tests, SAT Scores, Temperature, etc.
Ratio: Height, weight, area, etc.
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| 2 purposes for data collection | To describe situations or events, and to help people make better decisions before acting
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| 3 ways to collect data | Surveys, mailed questionnaires, sampling
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| Advantage and disadvantage for the 3 kinds of surveys | Questionnaire: cover wider area, but interviewers need to be trained
Telephone surveys - less costly, people may not be home
Sampling - random people, but may not have a good sample
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| Examples of each of the sampling methods | Random: numbering cards
Systematic: numbering, then selecting every kth number
Stratified: dividing population into groups based on characteristics, then getting a sampling from each group
Cluster: dividing population in groups that represent clusters
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| Examples of the kinds of studies |
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| 2 advantages and 2 disadvantages of the 2 kinds of study |
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| Identify the dependent and independent variables from studies |
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| 5 uses of statistics |
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| 7 misuses of statistics |
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| Things that make a survey question bad |
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| Problems for getting random samples and systematic samples |
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