Modalities

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Question

Answer

NEMS Indications

Muscle re-education Denervated muscle Maintain ROM Prevent Joint contracture and atrophy Increase Blood Flow Decrease swelling and scar tissue formation

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NEMS Contraindications

Cardiac Disability Demand Pacemaker Pregnant Tumor Infection Exposed metal implants Sensitive nerve areas Carotid Sinus Esophagus Larynx Pharynx Eye Upper Thorax Temporal region CV or NV impairment DVT Fracture Seizures

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Cryotherapy Effects

Vasoconstriction Decrease; pain, swelling, spasm, cell metabolism and waste, nerve conduction velocity, muscle force

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Cryotherapy Indications

Acute injury, swelling, pain Chronic pain With rehab 1st degree burns Post surgical pain and edema Acute or chronic muscle spasm Neoplasm

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Cryotherapy Contraindications

CV or Respiratory issues Raynauds Open wounds Advanced diabetes Circulation issues Cold allergy or urticaria Peripheral vascular disease lupus

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Thermotherapy Effects

Vasodialation Remove metabolic waste Increase rate of cell metabolism, delivery of leukocytes, capillary permeability, venous/ lymph drainage, collagen elasticity, HR, resp, blood flow, body temp. Decrease BP, stiffness, muscle tone, spasm, sub swell

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Thermotherapy Indications

Subacute and chronic pain, swelling, spasm ROM Hematoma Joint contracture

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Thermotherapy Contraindications

Acute injuries Impaired Circulation Advanced Arthritis Poor temperature regulation Anasthesia Tumor DVT Active infections Mentally impaired High blood pressure

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TENS Indications

Acute, chronic, post surgical, or post traumatic subacute pain

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TENS Contraindications

Central or unknown pain Pacemaker Pregnancy Transthoracically Transcranially Eye Carotid Sinus Heart

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Massage Indications

Break adhesions and pain spasm cycle Increase BF, lymph drainage, venous return, ROM, and muscle length Decrease edema and muscle tone Sedate nerve ends Relaxation

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Massage Contraindications

Acute sprain or strain Active swelling Fracture CV or Circulatory issues Rash DVT Pulmonary embolism Open ulcer Vericose veins Infection Cancer Traumatic Arthritis RA Ossification Arterioclerosis Hemorrhage

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Massage Precautions

If over an area of decreased sensation, decrease pressure. Do not massage if swelling is d/t CV insufficiency, kidney or liver disease, or pleaural effusion

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Ultrasound Indications

Sprain Strain Contusion Enhance soft tissue and bone healing Phonophoresis

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Ultrasound Contraindications

Impaired Circulation or sensation Epiphyseal Eyes, reproductive, heart, carotid sinus Spinal cord/laminectomy Cemented joint prosthesis Cancer Hemophiliac Large arteries Acute bursitis Arterio/atherosclerosis X-ray/radiation/isotope

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Ultrasound Thermal Effects

Increases tissue temperature and elasticity, blood flow, metabolism, and nerve pain threshold

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Ultrasound Non-Thermal Effects

Increases enzyme activity, metabolic rate, cell permeability (cavitation), blood flow, healing, tensile strength of collagen Waste removal Tissue regeneration Unidirectional flow of fluids Decreases pain and spasm

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IFC Indications

Acute or Chronic pain Spasm

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IFC Contraindications

Pregnant Thrombophlebitis CV disease Cancerous lesion 3 deg strains Demand pacemaker Bone implant Skin disease Transthoracically Transcranially Eyes Carotid sinus stellate ganglion Chronic pain without known cause

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Created by: SamanthaWashburn