biology module 8
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| true breeding | if an organism has a certain characteristic that is always passed on to its offspring, we say that this organism bred true with respect to that characteristic
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| allele | one of a pair of genes that occupies the same position on homologous chromosomes
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| recessive allele | an allele that will not determine the phenotype unless the genotype is homozygous in that allele
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| monohybrid cross | a cross between two individuals, concentrating on only one definable trait
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| dihybrid cross | a cross between two individuals, concentrating on two different traits
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| autosomal inheritance | inheritance of a genetic trait not on a sex chromosomes
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| state the principals of Mendelian genetics using the updates terminology | 1. the traits of an organism are determined by its genes 2. each organism has two alleles that make up the genotype for a given type 3. in sexual reproduction, each parent contributes ONLY ONE of its alleles to its offspring 4. in each genotype, there is a dominant factor will be expressed
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| in humans, the ability to roll one's tongue is a dominant genetic trait. if "R" represents this allele and "r" represents the recessive allele, what are the possible genotypes for a person who can roll his tongue? | they could have RR or Rr
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| for a given trait, how many alleles does a normal gamete have? | normal gamete has ONE allele for each trait
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| for a given trait, how many alleles does a Non-gamete cell have? | non-gamete cells have TWO alleles for each trait.
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| why do recessive phenotypes in sex-linked traits show up in males significantly more often then in females? | in sex-linked traits, there is no allele on Y chromosomes. males only have one allele which makes it easier in expressing the recessive phenotype.
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| why would you not expect twins (who have identical DNA) to be identical in every way? | Genetics is only one part of a person's makeup
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| name four means by which genetic disorders arise | sex-linked inheritance, autosomal inheritance, allele mutation, change in chromosome structure, or change in chromosome number
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