Texas State 1500
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| Vedic | The culture of Aryan India
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| Varnas | Classes in Aryan Indian society based on the functions fulfilled by their members.
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| Castes | Exclusive and restrictive hereditary occupational groupings, based on birth and ranked in hierarchical order
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| Jatis | Regional subcastes in India, each identified with a certain trade, a specific locale and often a particular god or goddess
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| Samsara | The belief that each being has an eternal spiritual core which is reborn or reincarnated into a new body after the old one dies
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| Dharma | The faithful performance of the duties pertaining to one's caste or station in life: such performance determines ones fate in the next life
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| Karma | One's fate or destiny in the next incarnation as determined by performance of dharma in this life
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| asceticism | The practice of extreme self denial and renunciation of all possessions
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| moksha | Liberation from the cycle of death and reincarnation in Hinduism
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| Nirvana | A state of infinite tranquility and peace
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| stupas | A massive domed edifice constructed o stone used as a temple for Buddhist pilgrimage and worship
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| Upanishads | Philosophical and religious texts composed by learned writers over many centuries beginning in late Vedic India
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| Mahavira | teachings based on the teachings by this man. AKA the great hero or Jina the conqueror
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| Siddhartha | The original Buddha. The enlightened one after claiming some peace and salvation was bestowed upon him . Now they have the Four Noble Truths
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| Ashoka | Chandragupta's grandson proving to be Mauryan rulers. Defeated older brothers to become only to become a Buddhist
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| In what ways were India's societies and cultures like those of West Asia and North Africa? | There was no single society but a wide variety of societies interacting through various connections. Connections shaped by Harappan, Aryan and Dravidian influences.
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| In what way did West Asia and North Africa differ? | literature was focused on connections between physical and spiritual forces.
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| How did the caste system develop in ancient India? | the family structure was stratified, hierarchial and stable
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| What were the advantages and disadvantages of the caste system | Advantage : kept classes together
disadvantages : discrimination in classes
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| How did Dharma and Samsara reinforce the system? | Belief in reincarnation
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| What were the basic beliefs of Hinduism, Jainism and Buddhism? | good living would get you to the next step, nirvana, reincarnation and Karma
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| How did Hinduism, Jainism and Buddhism support, challenge the political and social structures | gave the people a choice
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| How and why did Buddhism divide into separate branches | different religions and beliefs
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| How and why did Hinduism endure as a popular religion | promoted a self reliance and self inner religion
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| What factors hindered political unity in India? | multiple societies
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| What factors helped political unity flourish? | social interactions
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