ap gov, all wrong or unsure answers
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| Reserved Powers | Powers given to the state alone
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| Enumerated powers | Powers given to the national government alone
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| Concurrent powers | powers given to federal and state government
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| Checks and balances | authority shared by 3 branches of government
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| separation of powers | constitutional authority is shared by 3 different branches of government
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| habeas corpus | An order to place an arrested person in front of a judge
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| ex post facto law | A law that makes an act criminal although the act was legal when it was committed
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| Amendment | A new provision of the Constitution that has been ratified by the states
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| NJ plan | plan to create a weak national government
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| virginia plan | plan to create a strong central government
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| constitutional convention | A meeting in Philadelphia in 1787 to create a new constitution
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| Coalition | an alliance of factions
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| Bill of attainer | A law that declares a person, without a trial, to be guilty of a crime
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| line-item veto | executives abality to block a particular provision passed by the legislature
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| federalism | government authority shared by national and local governments
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| devolution | the effort to transfer responsibility
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| dual federalism | doctorine holding that the national government is supreme in its sphere, the states in theirs, and the two spheres should be kept separate.
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| project grants | federal grants for specific purposes, such as building an airport
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| waiver | a decision by an administrative agency granting some other part permission to violate a law or rule that would otherwise apply to it.
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| conditions of aid | terms set by national government that states must meet if they are to receive certain federal funds.
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| block grants | money from the national government that states can spend within broad guidelines determined by washington.
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| necessary and proper clause | section of the constitution allowing congress to pass all laws "necessary and proper" to its duties, and which has permitted congress to exercise powers not specifically given to it (enumerated) by the constitution.
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| nullification | the doctorine that a state can declare null and void a federal law that, in the state's opinion, violates the constitution.
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| police power | state to enact laws promoting health, safety, and morals.
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| initiative | process that permits voters to put legislative measures directly on the ballot.
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| referendum | procedure enabling voters to reject a measure passed by the legislature.
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| recall | procedure whereby voters can remove an elected official from office.
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| grants-in-aid | money driven by the national government to the states.
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| categorical grants | federal grants for specific purposes, such as building an airport.
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| revenue sharing | federal sharing of a fixed percentage of its revenue with the states.
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| conditions of aid | terms set by the national government that states must meet if they are to receive certain federal funds.
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| mandates | terms set by the national government that states must meet whether or not they accept federal grants.
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| enumerated powers | print money, declare warm and make treaties
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| reserved powers | establish educational system, create local governments, and establish election procedures
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| concurrent powers | levy and collect taxes, borrow money, and establish courts
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| inherent powers | regulate immigration, acquire territory, and deport aliens
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| cooperative federalism | stresses federalism as a system to deliver governmental goods and services to the people.
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| competitive federalism | inherprets federalism as a national government, 50 states, and thousand of other units, each working for support of citiens
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| marble cake federalism | conceives as a marble cake in which all levels of government are involved in a variety of issues and programs.
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| devolution federalism | developed during the nixon era. it called for the return of some authority to the states
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| new federalism | developed during the reagan years. it called for returning authority for programs and taxation to state governments.
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| full faith and credit | requires other states to enforce the civil judgments of other courts
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| priviledges and immunities | states must extend to citizens of other states the same rights and privilages that are afforded to their own citizens
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| interstate compacts | an agreement between two or more states and or foreign nations
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| extradition | a legal process in which a fugative from justice in a state is returned to that state from another
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| project grants | ones for which recipients must apply directly to the agency responsable for the grant
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