Unit 3

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All of the following are principles generally supported by the Tea Party movement EXCEPT

increased immigration.

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The degree to which members of the Texas Republican Party have become more conservative, and members of the Texas Democratic Party have become more liberal, is referred to as

partisan polarization.

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One of the Republican Party’s greatest weaknesses in Texas is its lack of support among

Latinos

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In Texas, why were primary elections more important than general elections during most of the twentieth century?

In a one-party state, the winner of the primary will most likely win the general election.

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Third parties are most likely to have electoral success under which system of elections?

proportional representation system

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Most Texas Democrats today would be classified as

liberals

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The fastest-growing demographic group in Texas is _____________, the majority of whom vote _____________.

Hispanic democratics

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The Shivercrat movement revolved around Governor Shivers’s support of presidential candidate

Dwight Eisenhewr

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The most important role for political parties in Texas elections is to

offer the candidate a label by which he or she can identify with the voters.

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The mass exodus of more affluent whites from urban areas to suburban areas is sometimes referred to as

White Flight

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which of the following is not usually considered a function of political parties?

lobbying

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Duverger’s Law states that

single-member district systems result in two-party systems.

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Today, the Texas Democratic Party’s base is made up of all of the following EXCEPT

whites in East Texas.

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Which demographic group has the largest percentage share of voters in Texas?

Whites

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_____________ elections are elections in which the party affiliations of candidates are not listed on the ballot.

Nonpartisan

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The most local voting district is called the

Precints

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Conservative Democrats in Texas are also known as

Blue Dog

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The Occupy movement is a political movement interested in limiting the influence of what in American politics?

Wall Street and big business

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State and local party organizations do all of the following EXCEPT

litigate against unfavorable policies.

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The Latino movement known as La Raza Unida occurred during the

60s

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Providing a label that helps voters identify those seeking office is an important function of

political parties.

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The Libertarian Party can be considered

fiscal conservatives and social liberals.

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Which movement has had the largest impact on state legislative races in recent years?

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()(()Parties at the state level have less power than at the national level because

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One of the reasons why party politics in ()()Texas differs from that of other southern states is because

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()()Which of the following is not true?

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()()During the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, Texas was

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()()Which party dominated Texas politics throughout most of the twentieth century?

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The main role of the precinct convention is to

select delegates for the county convention.

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Most of Texas’s African American population is concentrated in all of the following areas EXCEPT

suburban Dallas and Houston.

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In Texas, the highest level of temporary party organization is the

State Convention

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The Dixiecrats abandoned the national Democratic Party in the 1948 presidential election over the issue of

Civil Rights

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The process by which our parents, teachers, and others influence our identification with a political party is referred to as

Political Socialization

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During the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, Texas was

One Party Democrat

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In Texas, which group is most likely to support the Republican Party?

The Wealthy

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The pattern, beginning in the 1950s, of Texans voting for a Republican president but sticking with conservative Democrats for state offices is called

Presidental Repulicanism

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Which party dominated Texas politics throughout most of the twentieth century?

Democratic

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Texans are increasingly identifying themselves as

Independant

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The main role of the precinct convention is to

select delegates for the county convention.

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The _____________ is a meeting held by a political party following its precinct conventions for the purpose of electing delegates to its state convention

County Convention

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In Texas, the most oppressive restriction on the franchise was

The white primary

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()((Officially, Texas has a

not open primary

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Which of the following is not a type of election found in Texas?

distinguished

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Approximately what percentage of the state’s voting-age population is registered to vote?

70 percent

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In Texas, primary elections are usually held in

March

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In which of the following elections is voter turnout the highest?

Presidential elections

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The poll tax was made illegal in federal elections with the passage of the

24th amemndment

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Early voting in Texas has been shown to produce

a modest increase in voter turnout

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Which of the following is the purpose of special elections?

to fill vacancies in elected offices

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The Motor Voter Act of 1993

allows citizens to register to vote while applying for a driver’s license.

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Preclearance is required by

the Voting Rights Act of 1965.

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Which statement concerning women’s suffrage is correct?

Women were permitted to vote in all elections in Texas with the ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.

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A ______ was a tax charged to voters as a prerequisite for registration.

Poll Tax

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The process of ______ involves recalculating how many congressional districts each state will receive based on the state’s population.

reaportionment

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General elections are held

In even number years

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Early voting increases the polling period from twelve hours to

two weeks

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______ is the traditional start of the general election campaign in Texas.

Labor Day

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Name recognition often gives ______ a distinct advantage in Texas elections.

incubents

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The procedure by which certain states, such as Texas, are required to obtain approval every time they make changes to districts is called

preclerance

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Kinky Friedman and Carole Keeton Strayhorn ran for governor as ______ in 2006.

Independants

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()(One effect of the high cost of campaigns in Texas is that

Not sometimes there is no one willing to run for major statewide office./ parties become more important

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Major statewide officials are elected in nonpresidential election years because

such a system prevents popular presidential candidates from influencing state elections.

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The ______ election decides who is elected to an office.

general

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The first Tuesday following the first Monday in November of even-numbered years is the day for which election?

general election

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Which of the following was NOT regularly used in Texas as a method of disenfranchising many minorities before the 1960s?

the requirement of a federal citizenship test

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()((Which of the following is NOT a requirement to vote in Texas?

not property owneship

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The most important federal law involved in the expansion of the franchise in Texas was

Voting Rights Act 1965

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The two most important factors that determine whether someone votes are

income level and education

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Highly partisan legislation passed in 2011 now requires Texans to

Provide photo ID

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When are elections for state offices held?

during even-numbered, nonpresidential election years

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()( In Texas, the ______ Party usually experiences higher voter turnout than the ______ Party does.

not Democratic; Republican

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The most recent renewals to the Voting Rights Act require

bilingual ballots in areas where over 5 percent of citizens speak a language other than English.

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Independent candidates are rarely on the Texas ballot because

the signature/petition requirements are often too stringent.

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Campaigns attempt to reach voters through all of the following EXCEPT

involvement in high-profile litigation.

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Texas was the first state in the South to

ratify the women’s suffrage amendment.

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All of the following are modern-day tactics for preventing certain groups from voting EXCEPT

Cancelling an election last minute

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Women were given the right to vote in the United States with the passage of the

19th amendment

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Women were given the right to vote in the United States with the passage of the

every 10 years

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)() In Texas elections, the ______ play(s) the largest role in running campaigns.

not the media

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______ was the first Republican to hold the office of Texas governor since the end of Reconstruction.

William R Clements

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What is the purpose of a primary election?

to choose candidate for general election

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According to political scientist Daniel Elazar, Texas’s political culture is traditionalist and

Individualistic

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What did “Bo” Pilgrim do in 1989?

He distributed $10,000 checks to state senators while lobbying them on a bill.

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One important way for interest groups to gain access to those in Texas government is to employ ______ as lobbyists.

former legislators and government officials

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As in the U.S. Congress, most campaign contributions in Texas go to

Incumbents

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What is the function of EMILY’s List?

It provides early campaign funding for female candidates.

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The largest and most effective public employee interest group in Texas is made up of

teachers.

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The Texas Medical Association is best described as what kind of interest group?

professional

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Which of the following groups have had notable political success by litigating in federal courts?

civil rights groups

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______ was the former Texas Speaker of the House who was indicted for taking an illegal gift from a law firm that specialized in collecting delinquent taxes for local governments.

“Gib” Lewis

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When individuals or interest groups take out ads concerning a campaign issue but do not tie them directly to any particular candidate, it is called

issue advocacy.

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The practice of combining several individual campaign contributions into one larger contribution from a group in order to increase the group’s impact is known as

bundling.

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()() Which of the following is not a reason that interest groups are useful to politicians?

not Interest groups can supply campaigns with workers./interest groups can mobalize/Interest groups provide necessary information and expertise to politicians.

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Which of the following is the best example of a public interest group?

Public Cause

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All of the following are benefits an interest group has over private citizens EXCEPT

interest groups have greater legitimacy with politicians than citizens do.

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Individuals are most likely to successfully lobby government when they

are not challenged by powerful, organized interest groups.

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Texas has ______ laws dealing with lobbying by former government officials.

weak

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()( Which interest is not represented in a list of the top interest groups in Texas?

not trial lawyers/Public employess

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Which PACs spend the least amount of money in Texas elections?

Labor Unions

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()() Which of the following is not a typical threat to an incumbent running for reelection?

the greater fund-raising opportunities of challengers

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Interest groups are often powerful in states

States dominated by one party

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Which of the following is the farmers’ interest group that influenced the writing of the Texas Constitution of 1876?

The Grange

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A private group that raises and distributes funds for use in election campaigns is called a(n)

political action committee.

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The 8F Crowd was

a loose but influential group of Texas businessmen.

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Which of the following is not a reason for forming a PAC?

A PAC is allowed to donate unlimited amounts of money directly to a particular candidate.

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Texas trial lawyers frequently ally with

Consumer Interest Groups

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Most PAC spending in Texas represents

Buisness.

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On average, incumbents in the Texas House of Representatives are able to fund-raise ______ challengers.

twice as much

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What was the problem Speaker Sam Rayburn identified with the “steak men” at the beginning of the twentieth century?

They were legislators who would “sell” their votes on a bill for free steak dinners.

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Bribery is

Not common among lobbyist

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Lobbyists can do all of the following except

none—lobbyists can do all of the above.

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What does it mean for an interest group to “get on the late train”?

An interest group gives contributions after the election to a winning candidate the group had earlier opposed.

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Which of the following is not a common way for interest groups to gain access to politicians and policy makers?

Not spending money on entertaining politicians

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Which of the following is not a description of an interest group?

It is typically active only at the national level of government.

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The major competition for important statewide offices in present-day Texas happens at

Republican Primaries

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Which of the following third-party movements had the most success in winning elections in the post–World War II era?

La Raza

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The most costly item for most political campaigns is

Media

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Which of the following is true?

The poll tax restricted the participation of poor people in the general election.

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Texas elections, the ______ play(s) the largest role in running campaigns

The candidates

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