Edexcel GCSE additional science chemistry: quantitative chemistry
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| How do you calculate relative atomic mass and what is it? | Relative atomic mass is the mass of an atom of a particular element compared to the mass of a 12C atom, taking into account the relative abundance of the isotopes RAM = (percentage of isotope X mass number) + ( percentage of isotope X mass number)...
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| What is relative formula mass? | The sum of the relative atomic masses of all the atoms in a compound
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| What is a molecular formula? | The true formula for a simple compound- i.e. the exact numbers of atoms of each element in the compound
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| What is empirical formula? | The simplest whole-number ratio of the number of atoms or ions of each element in a molecule
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| What are the empirical formulae for the following: C2H4, C10Na6Li, Ca5H15 | C2H4 --> CH2 ... C10Na6Li --> C10Na6Li ... Ca5H15 --> CH3
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| What is the empirical formula when there is 24% carbon, 48% oxygen and 28% silicon? | Ca2O3Si
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| How do you calculate the percentage by mass of a given element in a compound? | % by mass = (number of atoms of element in compound X RAM of element / RFM ) X 100
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| What is the percentage by mass of oxygen in CaCO3? | 48%
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| Work out how much aluminium oxide is produced when 135g of aluminium is burned in oxygen | 255g
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| What is the yield of a reaction? | The mass of useful product obtained from the reaction
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| What is the difference between the theoretical and actual yield? | The theoretical yield is the maximum useful product that could be obtained- the actual yield is the mass of useful product obtained in an experiment
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| Why is the actual yield usually less than the theoretical yield? | * competing side reactions use up some of the reactants * incomplete reactions * some of the reactants or products may be lost during practical preparation
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| What is the percentage yield and how do you calculate it? | The percentage yield compares the actual and theoretical yields- percentage yield = (actual yield / theoretical yield) X 100
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| What are the by-products of a reaction? | The additional substances produced in a chemical reaction that are unwanted
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| What are waste products? | Unwanted, useless by-products of a reaction
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| What are some issues associated with the disposal of waste products? | * expensive to treat, transport, make safe * environmental problems e.g. fertilisers running into streams * social problems e.g. smells
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| What are the features of the most economically favourable reactions? | * percentage yield is high * fast reaction * no waste products (only by-products that are useful)
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