Edexcel GCSE additional science chemistry: chemical reactions
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| What are exothermic reactions? | Reactions in which more energy is released making new bonds for the products than is needed to break the bonds of the reactants- so energy is released
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| What are some examples of exothermic reactions? | Combustion of fossil fuels, explosions, bond making
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| What are endothermic reactions? | Reactions in which more energy is needed to break the bonds of the reactants than is released by the making of new bonds for the products- so energy is absorbed
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| What are some examples of endothermic reactions? | Photosynthesis, bond breaking
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| What is the rate of a reaction? | The speed at which it takes place
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| What are examples of very fast and slow reactions? | Very fast: explosions, combustion
Slow: rusting of iron
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| What is the collision theory? | The theory that for a reaction to occur, there must be successful collisions between the reactants
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| Why are not all collisions successful? | If the particles collide with low energy
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| What are rates of reaction affected by? | * higher temperature increases the speed of particles so they are more likely to collide & with more energy * larger surface area of a solid allows more collisions at one time * higher concentration of solution increases amount of particles
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| What is a catalyst? | A substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction without being changed by the reaction
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| What are the advantages of using a catalyst? | Chemical reactions can be done at lower temperatures and pressures so it is cheaper and safer
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| What are catalytic converters and what are they made out of? | devices fitted to car exhausts that reduce the release of pollutants in exhaust gases- they combine CO and urburnt fuel with oxygen- they are made out of transition metals e.g platinum, palladium, rhodium in a honeycomb structure with a large surface area
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| What conditions do catalytic converters work best in? | High temperatures- faster rates of reaction
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