TRANSLATION TRANSITION
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| RNA LIKE DNA IS A NUCLEIC ACID THAT CONSISTS OF A LONG CHAIN OF WHAT? | NUCLEOTIDES
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| IN A GENERAL WAY GENES CONTAIN CODED DNA INSTUCTIONS THAT TELL CELLS HOW TO BUILD WHAT | PROTEINS
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| WHERE IS RNA LOCATED | IN THE NUCLEUS
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| DESCRIBE RNA | SINGLE STRANDED IT CONTAINS C O H N P
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| RNA IS A POLYMER OF WHAT | NUCLEIC ACIDS
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| NUCLEIC ACID DEFINE IT | A POLYMER OF NUCLEOTIDES LINKED TOGETHER BY CONDENSATION REACTIONS
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| WHAT IS THE SUBUNIT OF THE POLYMER CALLED NUCLEIC ACID | NUCLEOTIDE
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| NUCLEOTIDE DEFINE IT | BUILDING BLOCK MOLECULE OF A NUCLEIC ACID
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| NUCLEOTIDES CONTAIN WHAT | SUGAR(5 CARBON SUGAR)
PHOSPHATE
NITROGENOUS BASE
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| THE SUGAR IN THE NUCLEOTIDE IN RNA CONTAINS WHAT | A FIVE CARBON SUGAR CALLED PENTOSE
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| IN RNA THE SPECIFIC PENTOSE IS CALLED WHAT | RIBOSE
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| THE NUCLEOTIDE CONTAINS A PHOSPHATE GROUP THAT IS ATTACHED TO WHAT | TO THE FIVE CARBON CARBON SUGAR
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| THERE ARE TWO FAMILIES OF NITROGEN BASES IN THE RNA WHAT ARE THEY CALLED | PYRIMIDINE- NITROGENOUS BASES CHARACTERIZED BY THE 6 MEMBERED RING MADE UP OF CARBON AND NITROGEN BASES CYTOCINE AND URACIL FALL UNDER THIS FAMILY
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| WHAT FAMILY OF NITROGEN BASES DOES CYTOCINE AND URACIL FALL UNDER | PYRIMIDINE
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| THE NITROGEN BASE FAMILY PURINE IS CHARACTERIZED BY WHAT | A 5 MEMBERED RING FUSED TO A 6 MEMBERED RING.(DOUBLE RING STRUCTURE)
ADENINE AND GUANINE FALL IN THIS NITROGEN BASE FAMILY
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| WHAT NITROGEN BASE FAMILY DOES ADENINE AND GUANINE FALL UNDER | PURINE.
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| WHAT TYPES OF RNA ARE THERE | MESSENGER RNA mRNA
Transfer RNA tRNA
Ribosomal RNA rRNA
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| describe Messener RNA mRNA | carries messages directly from DNA in the nucleus to the cytoplasm during the production of protein
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| what are the triplet nucleotides of mRNA such as AAC or UCC are called what | codons
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| what is the function of rRNA | its the structural part of ribosomes it makes up the ribosomes with the help of ribosomal protiens
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| where does translation occur | rRNA
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| what is the function of RNA | RNA molecule acts as a disposable copy of a segment of DNA a working copy or (facsimile) of a single gene.
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| RNA molecules have many functions but most RNA molecules are involved in just one job what is that | Protein synthesis
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| when a protein is built a third type of RNA molecule transfers each amino acid to the ribosome as it is specified by the coded messages in mRNA these moleules are known as | Transfer RNA tRNA
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| what is transfer RNA shaped like | it is shaped like a clover leaf
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| tRNA carries what to the mRNA at the ribosome in order to form a polypeptide (in order to form a protein) | amino acids
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| what are the triplet codons that are complementary to the codons of mRNA called | Anticodons
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| How does the cell make RNA | Understanding how cells make RNA is essential to understanding how genes work
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| what is Transcription | DNA is Transcribed into a copy of mRNA which is able to leave the nucleus mRNA helps to get DNA's message out to the ribosomes
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| transcription define it | is the process by which DNA makes RNA During transcription segments of DNA serve a templates to produce complementary RNA molecule.
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| In transcription the base sequence of the transcribed RNA complement the base sequence of the template of DNA. |
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| what enzyme is used to help Transcription take place | RNA polymerase
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| describe what RNA Polymerase does | RNA polymerase binds to DNA during transcription and separates the DNA strands. It then uses one strand of DNA as a template from which to assemble nucleotides into a complementary strand of RNA.
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| the ability to copy a single DNA sequence into RNA makes it possible for a single gene to produce hundreds or even thousands of RNA Molecules |
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| what are promoters how does RNA polymerase know where to start and stop making a strand of RNA | RNA Polymerase doesn't bind to DNA just anywhere. The enzyme binds only to Promoters, these are regions of DNA that have specific base sequences.
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| what are promoters | Promoters are signals in the DNA molecule that show RNA polymerase exactly where to begin making RNA. Similar signals in DNA cause transcription to stop when a new RNA is completed..
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| In Prokaryotes RNA synthesis and protein synthesis take place in ? | THE CYTOPASM
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| In Eukaryotes,RNA is produced where | In the cells nucleus and then moves to the cytoplasm to play a role in the production of Protein.
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| In Transcription what enzyme is needed | RNA Polymerase
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| RNA polymerase must always bind to what before transcription can take place. | DNA
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| How does RNA Polymerase know where to start and stop making a strand of RNA? | The RNA Polymerase doesn't bind to DNA just anywhere. THe enzyme binds ONLY to PROMOTERS region of DNA that has specific base Sequences. Promoters are Signals in the DNA molecule that show RNA Polymerase where to begin making RNA.
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| True or False Similar signals like promoters in DNA cause Transcription to stop when a new RNA molecule is completed. | TRUE
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| Pre mRNA molecules have bits and pieces cut out of them before they can go into action and deliver the message. what is the name of the portion that is cut out and not used in the message ? | Introns
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| In Eurkaryotes, Introns are taken out of Pre mRNA molecules while they are still in the nucleus. True or False? | True
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| what are the remaining pieces called in the pre mRNA after the Introns are removed | they are called Exons
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| after the Introns are removed the remaining pieces called the EXONS are spliced back together to form the final mRNA. True or false | true
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| True or false Introns and Exons may also play a role in evolution making it possible for very small changes in DNA sequences to have Dramatic effects on how genes affect cellular function | True
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| What is the start codon for protein synthesis called? and what is the 3 letters that represent it | Methionine Codon AUG.
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| Where does transcription happen | in the Cells nucleus Transcription is not part of translation process but it is critical to it. Transcribed mRNA directs that process.
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| where is Translation occur? | Translation is carried out in the ribosomes after the transcribed mRNA enters the cells cytoplasm
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