Modulation of movement by the cerebellum
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| True or false: the cerebellum sends prominent projections to virtually all circuits that govern lower motor neurons | False. They send prominant projections to virtually all circuits that govern Upper motor neurons
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| Projections TO the cerebellum come from the | Cerebral cortex. The project to both the cerebellar cortex and the deep nuclei
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| Projections FROM the cerebellum come from | the deep cerebellar nuclei
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| What is the primary function of the cerebellum | To detect the difference or "motor error" between the intended movement and the actual movment
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| Purkinje Cells | Purkinje cells are GABAergic. They are the only source of output from the cerebellum
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| Mossy fibers | Axons from the pontine nuclei are called mossy fibers.
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| Where do mossy fibers receive their projections from? | The cerebral cortex
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| Where do mossy fibers relay their information to? | The contralateral cerabellar cortex. They synapse on neurons in the deep cerebellar nuclei, and on granule cells in the granule layer of the cererbal cortex.
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| What are the axons of granule cells called, and where do they go? | Parallel fibers. They ascend to the molecular layer of the cerebellar cortex
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| What do parallel fibers synapse onto? Is this connection excitatory or inhibitory? | They form T-shaped excitatory synapses with the dendrites of Purkinje cells.
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| True or false: Mossy fibers from the pontine nuclei synapse with granule cells, whose axons (parallel fibers) synapse with purkinje cells | True.
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| True or false: Parallel fibers are the same thing as purkinje cells. | False. Parallel fibers are just the axons of granule cells.
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| What are climbing fibers? | Climbing fibers are the axons of the cells arising from the inferior olive.
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| What do climbing fibers do? | Climbing fibers directly modulate input to purkinje cells
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| True or false: The Sole output of the cerebellum is excitatory | False. Purkinje cells are the only source of output and they are inhibitory.
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| Where are golgi cells located, and what do they do? | They are found in the molecular layer. They receive input from parallel fibers, and provide inhibitory feedback to granule cells.
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| When does LTD happen? | LTD happens when both climbing fibers and parallel fibers are activated at the synapses with Purkinje cells.
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| What happens as a result of LTD? | There is a reduction in the efficacy of parallel fiber input to purkinje cells. This weakens the influence of the inhibitory loop by increasing the response of neurons in the deep cerebellar nuclei to afferent activity
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| What does the formation of LTD seem to be? | A motor learning process
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| Plasticity in the cerebellum happens as a result from what? | Reductions in the purkinje cell responses to parallel fiber inputs.
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