Terms/Examples related to Chemistry Formula Stoichiometry
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| mass of an atom on the C-12 = 12.000000 u scale | (relative) atomic mass
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| 1/12th the mass of a C-12 isotope | atomic mass unit (amu, u, or 'dalton')
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| modern 'standard' isotope for the relative atomic mass scale | carbon-12 (C-12)
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| total mass of the atoms in the formula of any compound | formula mass
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| total mass of the atoms in one molecule of a covalent compound | molecular mass
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| mass in grams of an element equal to its atomic mass | gram-atomic mass (g.a.m.)
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| mass in grams of a compound equal to its formula mass | gram-formula massn (g.f.m.)
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| mass in grams of a covalent compound equal to its molecular mass | gram-molecular mass (g.m.m.)
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| mass of a substance that contains one mole (6.02x10^23) particles | molar mass
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| mole | amount of substance that contains Avogadro's # of representative particles
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| mass relationships (Ex: % composition) derived from chemical formulas | formula stoichiometry
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| % of the mass of a substance contributed by a particular element or part | percent (%) composition
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| ionic compound with a set ratio of water molecules attached which stabilizes its structure | hydrate
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| water molecules attached to the formula unit to stabilize the crystal structure of a hydrate | water of hydration
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| meaning "without water", it describes the (powdery) form of a hydrate if the water of hydration is driven out | anhydrous
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| name this compound: CuSO4•5H2O | copper (II) sulfate pentahydrate
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| name this compound: CaCl2•2H2O | calcium chloride dihydrate
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| write the formula for magnesium sulfate heptahydrate | MgSO4•7H2O
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| simplest whole number ratio of atoms or ions forming a compound | empirical formula
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| represents the # and kinds of atoms in one particle of a covalent compound, even if not the simplest ratio (Ex: butane = C4H10, not C2H5) | molecular formula
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| volume of a gas that contains Avogradro's # (6.02 x 10^23) particles | molar volume
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| molar volume of a gas under 'standard' conditions of temperature and pressure | 22.4 liters
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| acronym for "standard temperature and pressure" | STP
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| 'standard' temperature on the celsius and kelvin (absolute) scales | 0 °C or 273 K
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| 'standard atmospheric (air) pressure" in atmospheres, torr (mm of Hg), and kilopascals | 1 atm or 760. torr (mm of Hg) or 101.3 kPa
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| SI unit of pressure (equal to 1 N/m^2) | pascal
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| 1000 pascals or 1000 N/m^2 | kilopascal
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| 'honorary' name for 6.022 x 10^23 chemical units | Avogradro's number
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| means "attached (or added) to" rather than "multiplied by" in chemistry | •
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| molecular mass for water (H2O) | 18.0 grams
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| representative particle for ionic (metal + nonmetal or polyatomic ion) compounds | formula unit
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| representative particle for covalent (nonmetal + nonmetal) compounds | molecule
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| representative particle for most elements | atom
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| representative particle for diatomic elements | (diatomic) molecule
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| diatomic elements mnemonic | BrINClHOF (or H + 7@#7)
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| representative particle for NaCl | formula unit
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| representative particle for H2O | molecule
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| structured ('railroad tracks') system for performing chemical conversions (ex: grams <---> moles) | factor-label method
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| factor-label method technique of checking and canceling units to make sure problem is set up correctly | dimensional analysis
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| representative particle for Fe, Ne, Ca... | atom
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| representative particle for H2, 02, Cl2... | molecule
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