Fluoro
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| An image intensifiers photocathode causes ___ to be given off in direct proportion to the intensity of the fluorescent light | Electrons
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| What fluoroscopic television system device decodes the video signal into a visible image? | Television Monitor
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| Which of the following materials are used in the construction of a fluoroscopic tabletop? | Aluminum
Bakelite
Carbon fiber
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| Shape distortion is caused primarily by | Geometric factors in the shape of the image intensification tube
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| If the entrance skin dose is measured from the surface of the tabletop, the x-ray source is located | Under the table
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| The mottle level of an image can be adjusted by | 1. changing mA
2. changing kVp
3. changing the exposure factors
4. increasing the number of available x-ray photons
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| During a fluoroscopic exam, the main source of scattered radiation is produced from | The Patient
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| Excessive lighting in the fluoroscopy room: | May result in increasing the technical operating factors
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| For fluoroscopic installations, the primary barrier is considered to be the | Image intensifier assembly
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| The input phosphor of an image intensification tube | 1. absorbs x-rays
2. is a layer of fluorescent material
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| Images produced with photo spot film cameras ___ spot films taken with conventional cassettes | require about 1/2 to 1/3 the dose of
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| When the magnification mode is used, an increase in image intensifier resolution will increase from | 4 lp/mm to about 6 lp/mm
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| Remnant, exit, or imaging forming radiation consists of | Non-interacting photons
Small-angle scattered photons
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| The overall resolution of the imaging system is expressed in terms of its | modulation transfer function (MTF)
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| Size distortion is primarily caused by | Object-to-image distance (OID)
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| Why is it important to coordinate the video signal between the TV camera and the TV monitor | To avoid unnecessary flicker in the television picture
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| The ability of an imaging system to differentiate small objects that are closely spaced as separate objects is referred to as: | Resolution
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| The exposure rate at the tabletop may not exceed five rads per minute except | 1. when using the ABC on large patients
2. during magnification mode
3. where higher exposure rates are allowed
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| How will the fluoroscopic image brightness be affected as the fluoroscopic field of view (FOV) is reduced with tighter collimation? | Image brightness will not change
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| When the fluoroscopy beam-on time has exceeded a predetermined limit, the cumulative manual-reset timer must either | 1.Produce an audible signal
2.Interrupt the x-ray beam
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| The greatest distribution of fluoroscopic examinations (approximately 53%) are performed on which body part? | GI Tract
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| The Input phosphor of an image intensification tube | 1. absorbs x-rays
2. is a layer of fluorescent material
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| By selecting ___ one can achieve obtain maximum differential absorption of the tissues in order to produce a high-quality fluoroscopic image | Peak kilovolts
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| The “visibility” of mottle in the virtual image is determined by the ___ of the system in use: | a. Resolution
b. Sensitivity
c. Contrast level
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| What fluoroscopic television system device decodes the video signal into a visible image | Television Monitor
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| Which device serves to coordinate the events to retrace the exact image on the television monitor as viewed on the output phosphor via the vidicon camera | Camera Control Unit
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| The television monitor used for viewing the fluoroscopic image contains | 1. Cathode Ray Tube (CRT)
2. Control for regulating contrast
3. Control for regulating brightness
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| Fluoroscopic protective curtains must be made of at least ___ equivalent material. | 0.25mm lb
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| Shape Distortion is caused primarily by: | Geometric factors in the shape of the image intensification tube
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| The statistical image quality of a fluoroscopic imaging system is primarily determined by the number of: | X-ray photons
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| Suitable gonad shields must be used: | When shielding of gonads does not interfere with the diagnosis
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| Which of the following are true concerning cine film? | The larger the film size the better the image quality
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| The photoconductive target in a television camera pick-up tube: | Allows a proportional electron charge to be generated at a particular position
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| The overall luminescence of the TV image may be properly adjusted by | 2. adjusting the brightness and contrast control button on the TV monitor
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| Where is the fluoroscopic grid located | Located between the patient and input layer of the image intensifier
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| One of the most important actions a fluoroscopist can take to avoid unnecessary radiation exposure to the patient is to use appropriate | Collimation
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| The increase in effective brightness due to the size reduction of the output image size is referred to as | Minification Gain
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| In a TV camera, the proportional electron charge is converted into a proportional voltage which is sent to the | Camera control unit
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| The greatest limiting factor concerning resolution for fluoroscopic systems is the | Video Monitor
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| Since the Bucky tray cover is directly in line with the fluoroscopists gonads, the opening must be automatically covered with ___ equivalent material | 0.25mm/pb eq
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| What percentage of incident photons will emerge unaffected by the patients tissues? | 5%
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| The primary purpose of protective drapes or sliding panels is to: | 1. Reduce scatter to the operator
2. Reduce radiation coming primarily from the patient
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| The components of the closed-circuit television system are | 1. vidicon camera
2. camera control unit
3. television monitor
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| The component in an image intensifier that regulates or changes the amount of magnification in the vertual image is the | Electrostatic Lenses
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| How does the focal spot size of fluoroscopic x-ray tube differ from a radiographic x-ray tube? | Often designed with a smaller focal spot
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| The best recorded resolution is obtained with use of: | Spot films using conventional cassettes
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| The total filtration used in fluoroscopic x-ray tubes operating above 125 kVp must be a least: | 3.0 mm Al equivalent
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| Fluoroscopy is defined as a radiological examination utilizing ___ for observation of the transient mage | Fluoroescence
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| The optimum source-to-skin distance is ___ for stationary fluoroscopic equipment and ___ for mobile fluoroscopy equipment | 45cm Fixed
30cm Mobile
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| When referring to a lens system, a higher ‘f-number’ will result in less ___ being available to form an image on cine film | Light
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| Two minutes of actual fluoroscopic exposure time during a UGI Fluoro study could deliver a skin entrance exposure to the patient ranging from: | 5 to 15rads
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| Image intensification refers to | The brightening of the fluoroscopy image using the image intensifier
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| The input screen is coated with a Phosphor that converts x-ray photons to | Light photons
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| The light from the input screen strikes | The photocathode
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| There photocathode emits what? | Photo electrons
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| What voltage is applied to the electrostatic lenses | 25 to 30 KV
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| The output screen converts photoelectrons into | Light
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| Minification gain formula | Diameter of input screen 2/by diameter of output screen 2
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| Brightness gain formula | Minification gain X flux gain
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| The output phosphor is brighter at it’s ___ and it’s resolution is better at it’s ___: | center, center
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| Remnant radiation interacts with what part of the image intensifier | Input Phosphor
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| Pincushion distortion will be minimized with a ___ inch image intensifier | 6 inch II, generally in mag mode
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| The purpose of rotating the target disc in a fluroscopic x-ray tube is to | Distribute intense heat efficiently over a large area
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| When an image intensifier is operating in a magnification mode, the: | The field of view is decreased
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| When quality factor called spatial frequency is increased, so does the | Number of line pairs/mm
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| Image “lag” is generally considered to be a disadvantage, however, a latent effect of lag when using a vidicon TV camera is: | 1 Minimizes the effects of quantum mottle
2 Averages out the statistical fluctuations
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| When switching from a 6-inch magnification mode to a 9-inch mode, how will the patient’s radiation dose be altered | Decreased by 2.25 times
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| Which of the following terms refers to the size ratio between the input and output phosphor screens | Minification gain
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| The brightness gain achieved by the efficiency of an output phosphor to convert electrons to light photons is referred to as: | Flux Gain
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| Fluoroscopic magnification is made possible by varying the voltage applied to the | Electrostatic Lenses
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| The ability of the image intensifier to increase the overall illumination level of the image is called its | Brightness gain
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| The key advantage of a dual magnification mode image intensifier versus a single mode unit is | Versatility
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| Useable light from the output phosphor of an intensifier tube can be reflected and projected toward a | 1. Cine camera
2. Photospot camera
3. Spot film camera
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| What function does the output phosphor serve in an image intensifier? | Convert the energy of electrons bombarding it into visible light
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