pig practical terms
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| abdominal | muscle in stomach, allows for movement
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| epitrichium* | outer layer of the epidermis under which hair develops
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| mesentery* | a fold of tissue which attaches organs to the body wall
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| rugae* | fold in the lining of the stomach, releases digestive enzymes
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| caudal | tail region
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| kidney* | beneath digestive organs, maintain homeostasis in bodily fluids
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| urethra | beneath urinary bladder, carries urine out of the body
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| alveoli | on the ends of bronchioli, where gas exchange occurs
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| peritoneum | a thin layer of tissue that lines the body cavity
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| pharynx | carries air from the mouth and nose to the trachea
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| median | middle of the pig
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| stomach* | under left lobe of the liver. Breaks down food and does a limited amount of absorption
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| lungs | in the ribcage. gas exchange occurs here
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| external nares | external nostrils (on nose), air passage
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| posterior* | toward the tail end of the body
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| vein* | all through body thinner than arteries, carries carbon dioxide
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| oviduct | connects ovaries and uterus, tube which eggs travel through
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| venules | very small veins (same function)
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| renal artery | supply kidneys with blood (connected to kidneys)
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| pyloric region | where the stomach narrows to join the small intestine, food goes from the stomach to the small intestine here
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| genital papillae* | under the tail in females only, used to excrete urine as well as in the reproductive system
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| cartilaginous rings* | in trachea, keeps it open for air to come in and out
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| caecum | at the junction of the small and large intestines, no function
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| pulmonary artery | leaves right ventricle, carries blood to lungs
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| pulmonary veins | carry oxygen rich blood from the lungs to the heart
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| trachea* | anterior to the lungs, airtube
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| vena cava | carries blood from the body to the right atrium
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| penis | lies just below skin posterior to the umbilical cord, transfers sperm
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| ventricle | lower chambers of the heart
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| proximal | closer to the trunk
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| diaphragm* | sheet of muscle that streches across abs, changes air pressure in chest cavity
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| deep* | lying under or below
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| aorta | large artery, transports blood from the left ventricle
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| ductus deferens | transports sperm from the epdidymus
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| gall bladder* | where pancreatic juice is stored
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| cranial* | head region
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| ureters* | carry urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder, located in posterior region of abdominal cavity
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| canine | teeth that are longer and used to tear their food
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| ruminants | an animal with multiple stomachs
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| fallopian tube* | coiled, attached to ovaries, carries eggs from the ovary
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| ductus arteriosus | a shunt in the fetus that allows fetal blood to bypass the lungs and go to the aorta
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| uterus* | at the end of the oviducts, whre the egg develops into a fetus
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| mammary glands* | hold milk connected to mammary pappillae
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| mammal | a class of vertebrate animals characterized by the pressence of sweat glands, hair, 3 middle ear bones used for hearing, and a heocortex region in the brain
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| dorsal | back of the body
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| thoracic | trunk region
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| capillary | very small between veins and arteries and exchange materials between the two
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| cervical | neck region
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| superficial | lying closer to the body surface
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| esophagus | to the left of the trachea, carries food from mouth to digestive tract
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| appendix | near junction of the small and large intestines, no known function
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| umbilical cord | used to transfer nutrients from mother to fetus
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| pulmonary valve | found at beginning of pulmonary artery in heart, ensures blood flow in one direction
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| digit | toe
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| lateral | to the side of the body
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| large intestine | posterior to the small intestine, responsible for the reclaimation of water at the end of the digestive cycle
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| tricuspid valve | between right atrium and right ventricle, keeps blood flow in one direction
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| duodenum* | connects stomach and jejunum, where most chemical digestion takes place in small intestine
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| bronchi | in lungs, bronchioles connected to this, transfers gas
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| urogenital sinus | right before urogenital opening
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| mitral valve | between left atrium and ventricle, keeps blood flow in one direction
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| ventral | underside of body
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| pancreas* | produces pancreatic juice which aids in digestion, beneath rectum
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| epididymus | connects the testicle to its vas deferens, narrow and tightly coiled
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| jejunum* | central of the 3 divisions of small intestine, absorbs nutrients, part of digestion
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| coronary circulation | arteries and veins that only nourish the heart tissues
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| anus | external opening of the rectum, feces expelled her
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| artery | carries blood away from the heart
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| urinary bladder | lies between umbilical arteries, temporarily stores liquid waste filtered from blood
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| urogenital opening | where urine exits the body and sperm enters/leave the body
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| mammary papillary* | tiny bumps on the ventricle surface connecting to mammary glands
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| pericardial sac | surrounds heart and diaphragm, protects from body wall
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| aortic valve | connects aorta and left ventricle, blood flow
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| hard palate | anterior part of palate, on roof of mouth
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| ileum | final section of small intestine, absorbs whatever hasn't been absorbed by jejunum
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| cardiac region | the largest part of the stomach, where contents of esophagus empties
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| small intestine* | between stomach and large intestine, digestion of food and absorption of nutrients occurs here
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| distal | farther
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| vagina | exterior opening of the uterus, used in both the reproductive and excretory systems
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| bronchioles | branches off of bronchi, ends in alveoli, gas exchange
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| glottis | vocal cords and the space in between, in larynx
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| auricle | ears
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| soft palate* | posterior part of the palate in the roof of the mouth
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| arterioles | blood vessel that extends from an artery to capillary
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| pinnae | external ears
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| ovary* | produces eggs, oval shaped and attached to the uterus
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| spleen* | filters out and destroys dead blood cells, wrapped around stomach, reddish/brown
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| testis* | produce sperm and testosterone
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| anterior* | towards back end of the body
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| villi* | line small intestine, increase surface area for absorption
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| sensory papillae* | tiny projections on the tongue, taste buds
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| rectum* | runs posteriorly along dorsal body wall, final portion of the large intestine, ends w/ anus
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| pleura | tissue that covers and protects lungs
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| urogenital system | excretory and reproductive systems
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| colon | large intestine
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| nictating membrane | 3rd eyelid, moistens eye and maintains vision
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| atrium | upper portion of heart
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| oral cavity | mouth
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| nasopharynx | cavity that carries air from nostrils to trachea
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| scrotal sac | holds the testis
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| epiglottis* | cone shaped structure at back of mouth
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| liver | makes bile, aids in digestion
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| renal vein | kidney vein
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| vas deferens | tube which takes sperm out of the testis
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| colon | large intestine
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| nictating membrane | 3rd eyelid, moistens eye and maintains vision
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| atrium | upper portion of heart
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| oral cavity | mouth
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| larynx* | voicebox, protects trachea and produces sound, just below where pharynx splits into trachea and esophagus
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| bile* | found in liver, aids in digestion
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