Science Chapter 8
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| The _____ in the solar system orbit the Sun. | Planets
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| The sun and the objects that orbit it make up the ________ | Solar system
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| The largest object in the solar system is the _____ | Sun
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| The Sun is a star made up mostly of ________ gas | hydrogen
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| _________ produces enormous amounts of energy in the Sun | nuclear fusion
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| Objects orbit the Sun because it applies __________ forces on them | Gravitational
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| Objects that orbit the Sun include planets, dwarf planets, asteroids, and ______. These objects ______ the Suns light. | Comets, reflects
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| A planet has nearly ______ shape. | spherical
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| The mass of a planet is much _____ than the mass of the nearby planets | larger
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| These are ____ planets in the solar system | eight
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| The four planets closet to the Sun are called the ______ | inner planets
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| Inner planets are made from mainly from _____ materials | rocky
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| The four planets farthest from the Sun are called the ______ planets | outer
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| Outer Planets are made mostly of ice and ____ | gases
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| Because the outer planets are much larger than the inner planets, they are sometimes called ______ | gas giants
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| A ______ is a spherical object that orbits the Sun, is not the moon or another planet, has less mass than any of the eight planets | Dwarf Planet
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| Millions of small, rocky objects called ______ orbit the Sun in a belt between Mars and Jupiter | Asteroids
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| A ____ orbits the Sun in an oval- shaped orbit and is made of dust, gas and ice | Comet
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| The ___________ is used to measure long distance in the solar system | astronomical unit
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| One astronomical unit (AU) is the average distance from Earth to the _________ | Sun
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| One way an object in the solar system moves is by orbiting, or _______ around another object | revolving
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| The amount of time it takes an object to revolve once around the Sun is its ___________ | period of revolution
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| Objects in the solar system also spin or _______ | rotate
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| The time it takes an object to rotate once is its ____________ | period of rotation
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| The shape of a planets orbit is a _______ which is a stretched out circle | ellipse
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| The sun is at one of the ______ of the ellipse, so the distance between a planet and the Sun changed as the planet moves | foci
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| A planet moves ____ when it is close to the Sun than when it is farther away | Faster
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| A dwarf planet is a sphere that orbits an _____ | Sun
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| A dwarf planet has objects similar in _____ orbital near it or crossing its orbital path | mass
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| The dwarf planets in the solar system are _______, Ceres, Eris, Make-make and Haumea. | Pluto
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| Ceres is located in the _______ belt. It is the ________ dwarf planet in the solar system | asteroid-smallest
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| Pluto has a rocky core surrounded by _____. It has ______ known moons. | ice
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| _______ is the largest dwarf planet. It is three times farther from the Sun than the dwarf planet ________ is. | Eris- Pluto
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| Make make and Haumea are dwarf planets in the _________ | Kuiper belt
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| Asteroids orbit the sun in a band between ______ and Jupiter | Mars
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| The largest asteroid is called _______ | Pallas
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| Asteroids are chunks of rock and ______ | ice
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| Comets are made up of rocks, ice and ______ | dust
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| ____________ between the particles in a comet holds it together | gravitational attractions
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| As a comet approaches the Sun, a bright ______ can develop on the comet. | tail
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| The _____ is the solid, inner part of the comet. | coma
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| As the comet approaches the Sun, it heats, changing some ice in the nucleus into a _____ | gas
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| Energy from the Sun pushes gas and dust particles away from the nucleus and makes it _____ | glow
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| ____________ comets take less than 200 years to orbit the Sun. They usually come from the _______ | short-period- Kuiper belt
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| _________ comets take more than 200 years to orbit the Sun. They come from the ________ | Long period- oort cloud
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| A small, rocky particle that moves through space is a _______ | meteoroid
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| As it passes through Earths atmosphere, friction with the air makes a meteoroid and the air around it ______ | burns
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| A streak of light in the atmosphere made by a glowing meteoroid is a ________ | meteor
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| Most meteoroids _____ up in the atmosphere | burn up
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| A meteoroid that strikes the surface of a planet or a moon is called an _________ | meteorite
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| A meteorite can form a bowl shaped depression called an ______ in the surface is strikes | impact creator
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| The outer planets are made of materials that are usually ___ of Earth. | gases
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| gravitational forces produced by the large sizes of these planets change gases into _____ | liquids
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| ____ is the largest planet in the solar system. | Jupiter
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| although it takes 12 years to revolve around the Sun, Jupiter _____ faster than any other planet. | rotates
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| Jupiter has a system of ____ around it. | rings
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| Jupiter's atmosphere contains helium but is mostly made up of ______ | hydrogen
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| Jupiter's entire structure is made up of about 80 percent hydrogen, about 20 percent ____, and small amounts of other material. | helium
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| Jupiter's rotation stretches its clouds into colorful _____ __. | swirling bands
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| the ____ ____ ___ on Jupiter is a storm that has lasted more than 300 years. | Great Red Spot
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| Jupiter has a solid core that is surrounded by ____ ____ | liquid hydrogen
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| the four largest moons of Jupiter are called _____ ____. these are Io, _____, Ganymede, and Callisto. | Galilean moons-Europa
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| like Jupiter, Saturn rotates _____ and has clouds in bands. | rapidly
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| Saturn is mostly made of ____ and helium. | hydrogen
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| Saturn has the largest ____ system in the solar system. | ring
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| Saturn has ____ bands of rings, each of which contains thousands of smaller rings. | seven
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| the rings are made mainly of ___ particles. | ice
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| most of Saturn's moons are small, but one of them, ____, is larger than the planet Mercury. | Titan
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| Uranus's atmosphere contains mostly hydrogen and helium, with small amounts of ____. | methane
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| Beneath Uranus's atmosphere is a slushy layer of water, ____, and other materials. | ammonia
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| Uranus might have a rocky ____ | core
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| the rotational axis of Uranus is ____ more than that of other planets. | tilted
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| Uranus has at least ___ moons and a small ring system. | 27
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| the atmosphere and interior of Neptune are similar to ____. | Uranus
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| Neptune has at least ___ moons and a faint ring system. | 13
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| the inner planets are those closest to the ___. They are also called the _____ _____ | Sun- terrestrial planets
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| the inner planets are made of ___ and metallic materials. | rock
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| the outer layers of the inner planets are in the ____ state. | solid
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| _____ is the planet closest to the Sun. | Mercury
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| Mercury has no gases close to its surface, which means it has no ____. | atmosphere
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| Because of its small mass, Mercury's ____ is not strong enough to hold gases to its surface. | gravity
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| Because Mercury has no wind to move energy from place to place, the temperature on the side of Mercury facing the Sun are always extremely ___. | hot
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| Mercury's surface is covered with impact ____, smooth plains, and high cliffs | craters
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| Mercury has a core made of ___ and nickel. Its mantle is made of oxygen and ___. | iron-silicon
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| _______ is the second planet from the Sun | Venus
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| Venus _____ more slowly than it revolves,so a day on Venus is longer than a year on Earth | rotates
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| Unlike most other planets,Venus rotates from ____ to _____ | east-west
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| Most of Venus atmosphere is made up of ________ | carbon dioxide
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| Venus is covered by a thick layer of ______ | clouds
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| The clouds on Venus are made of ____ | acid
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| Venus is the ______ planet in the solar system | hottest
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| The high temperature on Venus are caused by the _____________ | greenhouse effect
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| The greenhouse effect increases surface temperature because the ________ traps solar energy. | atmosphere
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| Most of the surface of Venus is covered by solidified _____ | lava
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| The third planet from the Sun is ______ | Earth
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| Earths atmosphere is made up of ______ and a mixture of gases. | water vapor
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| The atmosphere produces an _____________ that increases Earths average surface temperature. | greenhouse effect
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| ______ is supported on Earth because of its atmosphere, large bodies of liquid water, and moderate temperature range. | life
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| Earth has a solid inner core and an _____ outer core. | liquid
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| The ______ surround the outer core | mantle
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| Earths crust is broken into large sliding _______ | plates
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| Earths ________ is made mostly of oxygen and silicon. | crust
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| Mars is the _______ planet from the sun. | fourth
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| Mars has ____ small moons | two
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| Many probed have examined the surface of Mars; most have looked for signs of ________ | water
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| Mars atmosphere contains mostly _____________ | carbon dioxide
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| Mars surface appears to be red because its soil contains _________ | iron oxide
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| Ice caps on Mars are made up of ice and frozen ______________ | carbon dioxide
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| Features on Mars surface include craters,lava flows, canyons, and largest known __________ in the solar system | mountain
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