Thermochemistry notes
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| Thermochemistry | The branch of chemistry pertaining to TEMPERATURE CHANGES and HEAT TRANSFER of both physical processes and chemical reactions.
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| Heat (Delta H) | A measure of both the speed & quantity of particles (total energy) measured in Joules (J) heat is transferred from a warmer object to a cooler object
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| Heating + Cooling curves | The nature of water. Water has the chemical formula H2O and has a bent molecular structure, resulting in the molecule being POLAR.
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| Why are water molecules attracted to one another? | Due to polarity (Hydrogen bonds)
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| Water heating curve (s) | -100 - 0
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| Water heating curve (s-> 1) melting | 0-0
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| Water heating curve (1) | 0->100
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| Water heating curve (1->g) boiling | 100-100
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| Water heating curve (g) | 100->200+
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| Water cooling curve (g) | 200-100
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| Water cooling curve (g->1) condensing | 100->100
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| Water cooling curve (1) | 100->0
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| Water cooling curve (1->s) freezing | 0->0
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| Water cooling curve (s) | 0-> -100
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| Melting & Freezing | Delt.H - HfusM
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| Boiling and Condensing | Delt.H = HvapM
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| Heating & Cooling | Delt.H=mcDelt.T
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| Delta H | Heat (J)
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| Hfus | Heat of fusion (J/G)
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| Hvap | Heat of vaporization (J/g)
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| M | Mass (g)
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| C | Specific heat capacity (J/g C)
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| Delta T | Temperature change (Final tmp - initial temp)
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| Endothermic reaction | Delt.H is written as a reactant ; positive
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| Exothermic reaction | Delt. H is written as a product ; negative
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| Heat of reaction | The amount of energy released or absorbed by a chemical reaction
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| Enthalpy | at constant, pressure the heat of reaction
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| delta H | The total energy of bonds broken - total energy of bonds formed
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| heat of formation | heat released or absorbed when one mole of a compound is formed by a combo of its elements
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| heat of a reaction is also.. | the total of heats of formation of products minus the heats of the formation of the reactants
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| steps need to be reversed sometimes... | can be multiplied by a constant or a step can be reversed
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| if step multiplied by a # | DELTA H is also multiplied by that number
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| if step is reversed | the sign of delta h is also reversed
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