chapter 5 ana..
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| Each of the following is a function of the integumentary system,except | synthesis of vitamin C.
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| The two components of the integumentary system are the | cutaneous membrane and accessory structures.
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| The type of cells that form the strata in the epidermis are | keratinocytes
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| The tough "horny" superficial layer of the epidermis is known as the | stratum corneum.
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| Large quantities of keratin are found in the epidermal layer called the | stratum corneum.
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| Water loss due to evaporation of fluid that has penetrated through the skin is termed ________ perspiration. | insensible
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| The layer of the epidermis that contains abundant desmosomes is the | stratum spinosum.
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| The layer of the skin that provides a barrier against bacteria as well as chemical and mechanical injuries is the | epidermis.
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| Characteristics of the epidermis include: | flexible
serves as UV radiation protection
contains desmosomes
multilayered
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| All of the following are true of epidermal ridges, except that they | decreases in concentration within cells during exposure to the sun.
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| Cyanosis signifies that a patient | has oxygen-starved skin.
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| Jaundice is indicated by | a yellowish skin coloration.
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| Exposure to ultraviolet light (sunlight) causes the skin to darken by increasing the production of | melanin
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| The ________ in keratinocytes protects the epidermis and dermis from the harmful effects of sunlight. | melanin
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| Which of the following is not an effect of ultraviolet radiation? | vitiligo
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| An important vitamin that is formed in the skin when it is exposed to sunlight is | vitamin D.
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| Types of skin cancers include | squamous cell carcinoma.
malignant melanoma.
basal cell carcinoma
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| Which of the following statements about rickets is not true? | is usually genetic
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| Children in northern regions experience months of inadequate sunlight exposure on the skin. To prevent possible abnormal bone development, what essential organic nutrient is necessary in the diet? | cholecalciferol
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| Epidermal growth factor exerts which of these effects on the epidermis? | promotes cell division
stimulates keratin synthesis
speeds up glandular function
accelerates tissue repair
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| The layer of the skin that contains the blood vessels and nerves that are closest to the surface of the skin is the ________ layer. | papillary
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| The layer of the skin that contains bundles of collagen and elastic fibers responsible for the strength of the skin is the ________ layer. | reticular
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| The protein that permits stretching and recoiling of the skin is | elastin.
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| Skin inflammation that primarily involves the papillary layer is termed | dermatitis
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| A surgical incision parallel to the lines of cleavage | ) closes and heals with relatively little scarring.
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| While assessing a patient, you discover that after pinching the skin on the back of the hand, it remains peaked. This is a sign of | dehydration.
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| Stretch marks occur when | the skin is so extensively stretched that its elastic limits are exceeded.
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| While assessing a patient, you discover that after pinching the skin on the back of the hand, it remains peaked. This is a sign of | dehydration.
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| All of the following are true of the subcutaneous layer,except it | is attached to the dermis by a basement membrane.
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| Accessory structures of the skin include all of the following,except | epidermis.
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| The layer of hard keratin that coats the hair is termed the | cuticle.
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| Variations in hair color reflect differences in the pigment produced by | melanocytes.
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| Lanugo is found | on a fetus.
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| If the papilla of a hair follicle is destroyed, | the hair matrix will lose its blood supply
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| Which statement about hairs is false? | Club hairs are ingrown hairs.
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| When the arrector pili muscles contract | "goose bumps" are formed.
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| Each of the following statements concerning hair is true,except one. Identify the exception. | Scalp hairs grow constantly throughout life.
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| A common cause of dandruff is | inflammation around sebaceous glands.
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| Glands that discharge an oily secretion into hair follicles are ________ glands. | sebaceous
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| The ________ glands in the axilla become active at the time of puberty. | apocrine sweat
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| Sensible perspiration is produced by ________ glands. | merocrine sweat
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| Earwax is produced by ________ glands. | ceruminous
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| Merocrine sweat contains ________ to protect against bacteria. | dermicidin
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| The highest concentration of merocrine sweat glands is found | on the palms of the hands.
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| Each of the following statements concerning sebaceous glands and sebum is true,except one. Identify the exception | Most sebaceous glands are coiled tubular glands
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| ________ sweat glands are widely distributed across the body surface, ________ glands are located wherever hair follicles exist, and ________ sweat glands are found only in a few areas. | Merocrine; sebaceous; apocrine
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| Which of the following happens if body temperature rises above normal? | Blood flow to the skin increases.
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| Merocrine sweat glands | secrete a watery fluid directly onto the surface of the skin.
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| All of the following are true of perspiration produced by merocrine sweat glands,except that it | produces the body odor characteristic of "sweating."
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| The nail body covers the | nail bed
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| Nail production occurs at the nail | root.
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| The cuticle around a nail is the | eponychium.
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| The stratum corneum just under the free-edge of a nail is the | hyponychium.
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| A child who skins his knee in a fall has a(n) | abrasion
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| In a penetrating wound, ________ divide to produce mobile cells that repair the dermis. | fibroblasts
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| The type of burn that may require a skin graft is a | third-degree burn
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| If a fair-skinned person is sunburned, why does his or her skin turn red? | The blood flow to the skin increases.
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| Skin can regenerate effectively even after considerable damage has occurred because | stem cells persist in both epithelial and connective-tissue components of the skin even after injury.
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| The following are stages in the regeneration of skin following an injury. | 1. blood clot/scab formation
2. cellular migration
3. epidermis covers granulation tissue
4. epidermis covers scar tissue
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| Scar tissue is the result of | ) large numbers of collagen fibers and relatively few blood vessels in the injured area.
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| During repair of the integument, fibroblasts follow areas of new capillary growth and produce ________ tissue. | granulation
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| Treatment of full-thickness burns includes which of the following? | assisting tissue repair
preventing infection
increasing caloric intake
replacing fluid
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| Charlie is badly burned in an accident. When he reaches the emergency room, the examining physician finds that he can remove entire hair follicles from Charlie's arm when he gently pulls on a hair with his forceps. Charlie is suffering from a(n) | third-degree burn.
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| A full-thickness burn injury can be life threatening. A physician treating a burn victim would likely order all of the following,except | ice packs applied to the burn area
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| The effects of aging on the skin include | a decline in the activity of sebaceous glands.
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| Wrinkles in elderly individuals are the result of | loss of elastic filaments in the reticular layer of the dermis.
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| Why would an elderly person be more prone to skin infections than a younger person? | Basal cell activity is reduced in the elderly.
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| ) Accumulations of fluid within the epidermis or between the epidermis and the dermis are called _______. | blisters
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| Rapid water loss from burned skin is an extreme form of ________ perspiration. | insensible
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| The pigment found in vegetables that can make the skin appear orange or yellow is called ________. | carotene
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| Melanin is produced by melanocytes within the stratum ________. | germinativum
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| The skin appearance that results from dark-red hemoglobin is called ________ | cyanosis
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| Four signs useful for determining if a suspicious mark on the skin is melanoma follow the ABCD mnemonic. Identify what each letter abbreviates. | A is asymmetry; B is border; C is color; and D is diameter.
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| A deficiency disease that illustrates the effect of integumentary system function on the structure of the skeletal system is ________. | rickets
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| The most dangerous type of skin cancer is termed ________. | malignant melanoma
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| Vitamin D3 is important for proper ________ development. | bone
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| Skin cancer that starts in the stratum germinativum is called ________. | basal cell carcinoma
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| A bruise turns "black and blue" because of ________ in the dermis. | broken blood vessels
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| The drug ________ increases dermal blood flow and makes the skin red. | tretinoin (Retin-A)
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| Fine hairs (like "velvet") that lack pigment and cover much of the body surface are called ________. | vellus hairs
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| Coarse pigmented hairs are called ________ | terminal hairs
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| The substance called sebum is commonly known as ________. | skin oil
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| In the condition known as erythema, the skin takes on a(n) ________ color. | reddish
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| A thickened area of scar tissue that is covered by a shiny, smooth epidermal surface is called a(n) ________ | keloid
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| A fibrin clot that is formed over a skin wound is called a(n) ________. | scab
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| The combination of fibrin clot, fibroblasts, and extensive capillary network that is formed in injured skin is called ________. | granulation tissue
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| If epithelial cell migration cannot cover a wound, ________ may be required | skin grafts
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| A bacterial infection that is often fatal in burn patients is called ________. | sepsis
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