chapter 28
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| What is color caused by? | caused by the frequencies of light that are given off or reflected by an object
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| where is color blindness of defective cones result? | in the retina of the eye.
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| who was the first person to really explore color in detail? | Isaac Newton
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| what did he do? | passed a beam of sunlight through a glass prism
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| what did issac see? | white light separate into a series of different colors
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| what is a spectrum? | a ranfe
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| what is the color spectrum? | a range of color
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| What are the colors in the color spectrum? | red, orange, yellow, green, blue, violet
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| What is white light a combination of? | all colors of light
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| What is an example of white light? | sunlight
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| white light is not truly a combination of all colors. who figured this out? | newton
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| is black a color? | no it is the absence of any of the colors of light
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| how is the color of an object determined? | by the frequencies of light that are reflected back from the object
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| Can all frequencies be reflected? | no some frequencies of light may be absorbed
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| what do all materials have? | a natural frequency
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| when does resonance occur? | if the natural frequency matches any of the frequencies of light. and the frequency will remain
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| for what materials will re-emitted light continue through? | transparent
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| for opaque material what happens? | re-emitted light is reflected back
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| What do most materials do? | will absorb some frequencies and reflect some
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| why is the type of light source important? | because an object can reflect only light of frequencies present in the light source
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| what are the different kind of light sources? | candlelight, incandescent, fluorescent
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| For transparent what does the object depend on? | the light that is transmitted
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| what is a pigment | the material which absorbs particular colors of light
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| What is sunlight? | a combination of all frequencies of visible light.
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| what else is sunlight? | a combination of all the colors of the spectrum
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| red+blue= | magenta
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| blue+green= | cyan
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| green+red= | yellow
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| green+red+blue= | white
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| what are additive primary colors? | three colors that when added together make white
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| What do TV screens use? | additive colors
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| what happens when the TV is on? | the spots are lit red, blue, or green
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| What are complementary colors? | two colors that when added together form white
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| how can only two colors do this? | one of the two colors must be a combination of two additive primary colors
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| What are examples of the two colors? | 1. yellow+blue= white
2. magenta+green=white
3. cyan+red=white
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| where are complimentary colors on the color wheel | opposite of each other
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| when using complimentary colors is it possible to determine what light color would be seen if particular colors were removed from white light? | YES
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| when mixing paint is it different than mixing light? | yes
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| when mixing red green and blue light what does the color become? | white
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| when mixing red and green and blue paint what do the colors become | brown
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| what does paint and dyes contain? | pigments
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| how do paints and dyes get their color? | by color mixing by subtraction
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| how does light get its color? | by color mixing by addition
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| what are the subtractive primary colors? | magenta, cyan, and yellow
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| what are subtractive primary colors used for? | printing
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| what is scattering? | is a process in which sound or light is absorbed and reemitted in all directions
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| how is light scattered? | by molecules and larger specks of matter that are far apart from one another in the atmosphere
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| what happens when the particle size is smaller? | the higher the frequency is scattered.
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| what is the order of the colors that are scattered the most? | violet, blue, green, yellow, orange, and red
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| when there are a lot of particles larger than oxygen and nitrogen molecules what happens to the frequency? | the lower the frequencies of light are scattered more
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| what happens when there are no molecules? | the sky is black
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| what makes up clouds? | water droplets in a variety of sizes
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| The different-size droplets of water molecules result in a variety of frequencies for scattered light: | 1. low frequencies from larger droplets
2. high frequencies form tinier droplets
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| what is the overall result? | a white cloud
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| what do larger particles scatter? | lower frequencies
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| what is the atmosphere nearer the earth made up of? | larger particles
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| what are the lower frequencies? | red
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| At sunrise and sunset how does light travel? | longer path through the atmosphere
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| Why is water greenish blue? | because water molecules absorb red
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| what is the true color of ocean water? | cyan
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| why is the froth in the wave white? | because its droplets of many sizes scatter many color frequencies
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| why does the water look sometimes deep blue? | it is a reflection of the color of the sky
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| what is water transparent to? | all frequencies of light
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| what does water absorb? | infrared frequencies
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| how is water warmed? | by sunlight
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| what do water molecules resonate to? | visible red frequencies
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| what does every element have? | has its own characteristic color when it emits light
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| what is the color a blend of? | various frequencies of light
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| when is light of each frequency emitted? | when the electrons change energy states
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| do electrons have well-defined energy levels? | yes the lower energy near the atomic nucleus and higher energy father from the nucleus
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| what happens when an atom absorbs external energy? | one or more of its electrons is boosted to a higher energylevel
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| what state is an energized atom in? | excited state
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| what is an excited state? | a state with greater energy than the atom's lowest energy state
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| how long does the excited state last for? | it is only momentary, for the electron is quickly drawn back to its original or a lower level of energy
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| what is a photon? | a pulse of light
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| what do the different electron orbits in an atom look like? | steps in energy levels
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| what happens when an electron is raised to a higher level? | the atom is excited
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| what happens when the electron returns to its original level? | it releases energy in the form of light
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| what is a spectroscope? | an instrument that analyzes light from glowing elements
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| what did Newton's spectroscope use? | two lenses a thin slit, and a prism to produce a clear spectrum from white light
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| what does an incandescent bulb have? | a continuous spectrum
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| what three elements have a different line spectrum? | hydrogen, sodium, and mercury
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| who can use the line spectra and what for? | chemists can use the line spectra for identifying an element just as a fingerprint can be used to identify a person
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| how can the atomic composition of the sun and distant galaxies be determined? | by examining the line spectra.
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