Astronomy
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| show | The universe is homogeneous and isotropic. Viewed on a sufficiently large scale the Universe appears the same to any observer at any location.
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| Homogeneous | show 🗑
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| show | there is no difference in the structure of the universe as you look in different directions
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| Hubble's Law | show 🗑
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| show | 1948–Residual evidence of the explosion should be visible as Blackbody radiation (George Gamow)1966–Observation of microwave background with horn antenna in
Holmdel, NJ Robert Wilson & Arno Penzias find an excess of emission at T~3K
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| show | In the first 1/2 hour,elements (Li, Be, B,H,He) were formed, but majority of mass in H (75%) & He (25%)
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| show | Disk Shape. Nuclear bulge. Spiral arms. Ordered rotational motion. Gas & dust between stars. New star formation. Very Luminous
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| show | Identical to Spirals except for the bulge. Center is stretched into a bar. 2/3 of all spirals are "barred"
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| Types of Galaxies- Elliptical Galaxies | show 🗑
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| Types of Galaxies-Irregular Galaxies | show 🗑
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| show | shows presence of molecular hydrogen (h2) clouds that have been stripped by tidal forces.
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| Evidence of Mergers-Ring Galaxies | show 🗑
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| show | Some galaxies have evidence of multiple cores. False color images often allow cores to be visible.
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| show | Central regions stars rotate in the OPPOSITE direction from the outer sections
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| Sgr A* | show 🗑
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| Active Galactic Nuclei (AGNs) | show 🗑
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| show | Off-center view of Black Hole’s accretion disk.
Spiral galaxies with emission lines, highly ionized atoms, velocities of 10,000 km/s. 2% of ALL spirals. Type 1- broad lines, X-ray & UV bright. Type2- narrower lines, dimmer in X-rays & UV
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| Types of Active Galaxies- Radio Galaxies | show 🗑
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| Types of Active Galaxies- Blazars | show 🗑
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| show | Quasi-stellar Objects (QSOs) Emission similar to radio galaxies, but looked like stars. Energy output~ Energy of over 100 average galaxies Luminosity changes over short time indicates small size
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| Rich Clusters | show 🗑
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| Poor Clusters | show 🗑
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| show | flat rotation curves found in all spiral galaxies. Via Kepler's laws ASSUMPTION: Majority of mass is at center PREDICTION: Objects further from center move slower. Star rotation is affected by mass NOT at the center, Velocity is INCREASING with distance
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| show | Coma Cluster Mass
Dynamical Mass = 3 x 1015 Mo
This is the mass calculated by observing the motion of galaxies within the cluster
Mass in Galaxies = 5 x 1013 Mo
Mass in X-ray gas = 3 x 1014 Mo
Where is the other 90% ? -> DARK MATTER
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| Dark Matter Evidence- Gravitational Lensing | show 🗑
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| Milky Way Structure | show 🗑
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| show | Uncertain boundaries. OB stars along axis. Sun-like stars spread out further. Location of Spiral Arms. Location of Open Clusters. Order orbits in the same direction as the sun.
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| show | Extreme Disk – (100 pc) OB stars form here, short lifetimes so they don’t move off it
Thin Disk – (1,000 pc) Sun-like stars
Thick Disk – (~3,000 pc) Older stars
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| show | radius 2,000 pc, mostly older stars. Hard to observe in visible light due to dust.
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| show | Globular clusters, are the oldest datable objects in the universe
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| Stellar Poplutions-Population I Extreme | show 🗑
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| show | Location: Disk. Metallicity: 1.6%. Orbit: Slightly Elliptical. Age: .2-10 Gyr.
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| show | Location: Halo. Metallicity: .8%. Orbit: Highly Elliptical. Age: 10-14 Gyr
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| Stellar Poplutions-Population II Intermediate | show 🗑
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| show | PopI-sun-like stars 1.8% up to 3% metals PopII-Less than 1% metals.Big Bang created H and He, rest of elements created by stellar evolution. There MUST have been an initial generation of stars, POPIII-pure H and He, 0% metals, but have NEVER been observed
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| show | Expansion slows down, but doesn't stop until infinite time < 1
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| show | Expansion will stop, then reverse into the GNAB GIB = 1
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| show | Universe expands forever, not enough mass to stop it > 1
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| Possible Universes- Accelerating | show 🗑
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Created by:
emilyclawson
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