Trends in the Physical and Chemical Properties of the group two metals.
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| Describe the trend of Atomic (Metallic) radii of the group two metals: | Increases down the group, electrons in higher energy shells, more shielding so increased atomic radius as outer electrons are further from nucleus.
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| Describe and explain the trends in Melting points of the G2 metals, including any anomalies: | Generally MP decrease down group, although Mg has the lowest melting point as its atoms are arranged differently. Electrons are further from Cations (positively charged nucleus) in the Lattice structure, decreasing MP.
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| Describe the trend in Ionisation energies of the G2 metals: | The ionisation energies of the G2 metals decrease going down the group because the electrons are further from the nucleus and are less attracted to it, making it easier for them to be removed.
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| What is the Oxidation State of any of the Group two elements after a reaction? | +2, They are always OXIDISED.
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| Describe the trend in reactivity of the group 2 elements: | Increasing reactivity going down the group.
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| Give the general reaction of G2 metals (M) with Cold (liquid) Water: | Metal (M) + H2O --> Metal(OH)2 + H2
Metal + Water (liquid) --> Metal Hydroxide + Hydrogen Gas.
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| Give the general equation for the reaction of G2 Metals with Steam: | M(s) + H2O(g) ---> MO(s) + H2 (g)
Metal + Steam --> Metal Oxide + Hydrogen Gas.
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| State the trend of how vigorously the G2 metals react with Liquid Water and Steam: | Down the group increasing vigorousness of reaction.
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| What is the colloquial name given to Mg(OH)2? | Milk of Magnesia.
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| Give one use of Mg(OH)2: | Used to treat Indigestion by nutrilising excess Stomach Acid. Medicine.
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| Give the colloquial name of Ca(OH)2: | Slaked Lime.
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| Give one use of Ca(OH)2: | Used to treat Acidic Soil (raise pH). Agriculture.
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| Describe the trend in solubility of the Group 2 Hydroxides. | The solubility of the Hydroxides of the G2 Metals increases down the group, with Mg(OH)2 being practically insoluble, Ca(OH)2 is sparingly soluble and Ba(OH)2 is very soluble and will form an Alkaline solution.
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| Describe the trend in Solubility of the Sulfates of the Group 2 metals: | Solubility decreases down the group with MgSO4 being very soluble and BaSO4 being insoluble.
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| Give two uses of BaSO4 being insoluble: | Given to patients getting X-Rays to line the stomach as a 'Barium Meal'. BaSO4 will be precipitated as a white solid if BaCl2 is used to test for Sulfate ions in a solution.
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| Describe a test for Sulfate Ions in a solution: | First the solution is acidified by adding HCl or HNO3 (nitric acid) to remove Carbonate Ions. Then Barium Chloride is added (BaCl2) and if SO4(2-) ions are present a white ppt will form, which is Barium Sulfate (BaSO4).
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