Terms for chapter 3 section2
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each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| carbohydrate | any organic compound that is made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen and that provides nutrients to the cells of living things
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| monosaccharide | a simple sugar that is the basic subunit, or monomer, of a carboydrate
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| disaccharide | a sugar formed from two monosaccharides
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| polysaccharide | one of the carbohydrates made up of long chains of simple sugars; polysaccharides include starch, cellulose, and glycogen
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| protein | an organic compound that is made of one or more chains of amino acids and that is a principal component of all cells
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| amino acid | an organic molecule that contains a carboxyl and an amino group and that makes up proteins; a protein monomer
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| peptide bond | the chemical bond that forms between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another amino acid
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| polypeptide | a long chain of several amino acids
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| enzyme | a type of protein or RNA molecule that speeds up metabolic reactions in plant and animals without being permanently changed or destroyed
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| subtstrate | a part, substance, or element that lies beneath and supports another part, substance, or element; the reactant in reactions catalyzed by enzymes
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| active site | the site on an enzyme that attaches to a substrate
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| lipid | a large, nonpolar organic molecule, including fats and steroids; lipids store energy and make up cell membranes
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| fatty acid | an organic acid that is contained in lipids, such as fats or oils
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| triglyceride | a lipid made of three fatty acid molecules and one glycerol molecule
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| phospholipid | a lipid that contains phosphorus and that is a structural component in cell membranes
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| wax | a type of structural lipid consisting of a long fatty-acid chain that is jointed to a long alcohol chain
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| steroid | a type of lipid that consists of four carbon rings to which various functional groups are attached and that usually has a physiological action
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| nucleic acid | an organic compound, either RNA or DNA, whose molecules are made up of one or two chains of nucleotides and carry genetic information
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| deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) | the material that contains the information that determines inherited characteristics
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| ribonucleic acid (RNA) | a natural polymer that is present in all living cells and that plays a role in protein synthesis
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| nucleotide | in a nucleic-acid chain, a sbunit that consists of a sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogenous base
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